Cell Structure and Classification

Practice flashcards covering the differences between plant and animal cells, cell walls, and the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on the lecture material.

Cellulose

A type of carbohydrate formed by many glucose units linked together that primarily makes up the plant cell wall.

Roughage

Cellulose in our diet that acts to help in digestion.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells that lack a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; the term comes from "pro" meaning primitive and "karyon" meaning nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that have a well-defined nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles; the term comes from "eu" meaning true and "karyon" meaning nucleus.

Cytoplasm

A semi-fluid, jelly-like substance and one of the three basic parts of most cells.

Organelles

Sub-cellular components present in the cytoplasm, most of which are only visible with an electron microscope.

Membrane-bound organelles

Organelles surrounded by their own membranes, which are absent in prokaryotic cells.

Nucleoid

The primitive nucleus found in prokaryotic cells, consisting of genetic material without a membrane around it.

Diameter of a typical prokaryotic cell

$$1\text{ to }10\,\mu m$$

Cytoskeleton

A network of fine fibers in eukaryotic cells that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and assists in motility and internal transport.

Cell inclusions

Inanimate substances in the cytoplasm such as crystals of calcium oxalate or silica, fat droplets, and yolk.