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What are macronutrients and their functions?

Macronutrients are nutrients needed in large amounts: Carbohydrates (main energy source), Proteins (growth and repair of tissues), Fats (long-term energy storage).

List food sources of carbohydrates.

Bread, rice, pasta, cereals, fruits and vegetables, legumes (beans, lentils), wholegrains (oats, brown rice).

What are the functions of proteins?

Growth and repair of tissues, builds muscles, enzymes, hormones, supports immune system.

List food sources of proteins.

Meat, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy, beans, lentils, tofu, nuts.

What is the function of fats in the body?

Long-term energy storage, protects organs, helps absorb vitamins (A, D, E, K), hormone production.

What are the types and sources of dietary fats?

Monounsaturated (olive oil, avocado, nuts), Polyunsaturated (fish, sunflower oil, walnuts), Saturated (butter, fatty meats, pastries), Trans fats (processed snacks, fried fast food).

What is the function of water?

Regulates body temperature, transports nutrients and waste, aids digestion, prevents dehydration.

List food sources of water.

Drinking water, fruits (watermelon, oranges), vegetables (cucumber, lettuce).

What are micronutrients?

Micronutrients are nutrients needed in small amounts, including vitamins and minerals.

What is the function and sources of Vitamin C?

Supports immune system, helps wound healing, aids iron absorption; sources include citrus fruits, berries, capsicum, broccoli, tomatoes.

What role does Calcium play in the body?

Builds strong bones and teeth, supports muscle and nerve function.

List food sources of Calcium.

Dairy products (milk, cheese, yoghurt), leafy greens, fortified plant milks.

What are the short-term consequences of nutritional imbalances?

Low energy and fatigue, poor concentration, mood swings, headaches, poor sports performance, digestive issues.

What are the long-term consequences of nutritional imbalance?

Obesity or underweight conditions, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis, poor immune function, delayed growth and development, nutrient deficiencies.

What is the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE)?

A simple visual guide for food groups and proportions promoting variety and balance and encouraging limiting junk food.

List some limitations of the AGHE.

Not always culturally inclusive, doesn’t address portion sizes or activity levels.

What is the Health Star Rating System?

A system that provides easy comparison between packaged foods and encourages healthier product choices.

What factors influence food choices in youth?

Family, peer groups, income, education, religion, cultural group, and gender.

What is the R.E.A.L strategy for checking nutrition information validity?

R - Reliability, E - Evidence-based, A - Authority, L - Logic.