Power Point 1 - The Basics

What are the functions of the blood?

Transportation, protection, and regulation

What can you see on a microscope in centrifuged blood?

Formed elements

What can’t you see on a microscope in centrifuged blood?

Blood plasma

What is another name for red blood cells

Erythrocyte

What is low red blood cell count called?

Anemia

What is in the pigment of red blood cells?

Iron, heme, and four globin chains

What holds onto the heme group in red blood cells?

Globin

What holds onto the iron in red blood cells?

Heme group

What holds onto oxygen molecules in red blood cells?

Iron

What does iron hold in red blood cells?

Oxygen

What is the name for size variation in red blood cells? (if you notice it spelled differently it’s because he spelled it wrong, luckily it’s only multiple choice)

Anisocytosis

What is the name for shape variation in red blood cells?

Poikilocytosis

What is the term for round red blood cells?

Spherocytosis

What is the term for damaged red blood cells?

Schistocytosis

What are red blood cells that are sickle-shaped?

Sickle cells

Sickle cells are a sign of what?

Abnormal hemoglobin

What are baby red blood cells?

Reticulocytes

Is finding reticulocytes out of the ordinary?

No

Why would a patient have high reticulocytes?

Bleeding, trauma, a low oxygen environment, and cancer

What causes low reticulocytes?

Blood transfusion, lack of material to produce (anemia), and cancer

What are the two types of white blood cells?

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Name the three granulocytes

Neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil

Name the three agranulocytes

Monocyte, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte

What do neutrophils destroy?

Bacteria

Neutrophilia is a ________ neutrophil count

Increased

Neutropenia is a ___________ decreased neutrophil count

Decreased

What do eosinophils fight?

Exotic (parasites) and environment (allergies)

What do basophils release?

Histamine and heparin

What does histamine and heparin from basophils cause?

Vasodilation

What are lymphocytes involved in?

Immunity

What do B lymphocytes do?

Produce antibodies

What produces antibodies?

B lymphocytes

What do T lymphocytes do?

Attack infected cells

What attacks infected cells?

T lymphocytes

What do NK lymphocytes do?

Destroy aging or tumor cells

What destroys aging and tumor cells?

NK lymphocytes

What causes an elevated amount of lymphocytes?

Viral illnesses

Why do we need two cells to fight infections?

One for viruses and one for bacteria

Viruses are…

Small and need to stay inside

Bacteria are…

Big and outside

What do monocytes mature into?

Macrophages

What do macrophages do?

Fight in chronic infections

If its in the blood is it a monocyte or a macrophage?

Monocyte

If its in tissues is it a monocyte or a macrophage?

Macrophage

What is another name for platelets?

Thrombocytes

What are thrombocytes?

Platelets

What do platelets do?

Maintain hemostasis

What is the liquid portion in un-clotted blood?

Plasma

What is the liquid portion called in clotted blood?

Serum

Plasma is just serum with what?

Clotting proteins

What makes up plasma?

Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogens

What does albumin do in plasma?

Made in the liver and maintains the osmotic pressure in blood vessels

Also helps bind and transport smaller molecules

What do globulins do in plasma?

Function as enzymes and transport proteins, but are heavily involved in the immune response

What do fibrinogens do in plasma?

Help form blood clots

Leukocytosis is what?

High white blood cell count

What is the most often cause of leukocytosis?

Infection

What does a left shift involve?

Increase in immature neutrophils as need for infection control

An increase of immature neutrophils is what?

A left shift

What is leukopenia?

Decreased white blood cell count

What is neutropenia?

Decreased neutorphils

What might happen in patients with neutropenia?

More vulnerable to bacterial infections

What is thrombocytopenia?

Decreased platelet count

What are the signs of thrombocytopenia? (Besides petechiae and purpura)

Easy bruising, gums bleeding when you brush, blood in urine, and coughed up blood sputum

What are the common symptoms of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

Petechiae and purpura

What is thrombocytosis?

Too many platelets

Thrombocytopenia does what with blood?

Spontaneous major bleeding

What does thrombocytosis do with blood?

Spontaneous thrombosis