Metabolism in the Fed and Starved States
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28 Terms
Metabolism: The Feed-fast Cycle
•Human metabolism oscillates between the fed and fasting states
•The ‘switch’ that determines metabolic changes is the molar ratio of insulin to glucagon in the blood
What is the FED State?
•FED state - during meals and for several hours afterwards
•Characterized by high insulin and low glucagon (a high insulin/glucagon ratio)
What is the Fasting State?
•FASTING state: 6-12 hr after a meal
•Characterized by low insulin and high glucagon (a low insulin/glucagon ratio)
•Fasting that lasts in excess of 12 hr is ‘prolonged fasting’ or starvation
Changes in Metabolism from the Absorptive State to the Post-absorptive State
How does Metabolism Work in the Fed State?
Food intake stimulates insulin release and insulin inhibits glucagon secretion
This affects metabolism in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue
Glucose utilization in the brain remains unchanged
Metabolism in the Fed State- Liver
Metabolism in the Fed State- Muscle
Metabolism in the Fed State- Adipose Tissue
Metabolism in the Fed State- Brain
How does Metabolism in the Early Fasting State?
During fasting, the liver switches from a glucose-utilizing to a glucose-producing organ
Decrease in glycogen synthesis and increase in glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
The Early Fasting State- Liver
The Early Fasting State- Muscle
The Early Fasting State- Adipose Tissue
The Early Fasting State- Brain
How does Metabolism Work in the Starved State?
The Starved State- Liver
The Starved State- Muscle
What is the Glucose-Fatty Acid Cycle?
The Starved State- Adipose Tissue
The Starved State- Brain
When does Ketone Bodies Concentration Increase?
Glucose Utilization in Various Metabolic States
Hormonal Control of Glycogenolysis and Glycogen Synthesis
What Hormones Control Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis?
What Hormones Regulate Glycogen Mobilisation?
What is Reciprocal Regulation of Phosphorylase and Glycogen Synthase by Phosphorylation?
How is Phosphorylase and Glycogen Synthase Regulated by Insulin?
Glycogen Metabolism in Liver and Muscle
