Gas Exchange and Respiratory Physiology

These flashcards cover key concepts related to gas exchange and respiratory physiology as presented in the lecture.

What is the primary process of gas exchange in the lungs called?

Diffusion of O2 into the pulmonary capillaries and CO2 out of the pulmonary capillaries.

What is the difference between pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

Pulmonary ventilation involves air moving in and out of the lungs, while alveolar ventilation specifically pertains to the air exchanged in the alveoli.

What is vital capacity?

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal inhalation.

What is residual volume?

The amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

What factors affect oxygen transport in the blood?

Dissolved oxygen in plasma, oxygen bound to hemoglobin, and conversion to bicarbonate.

What happens during inhalation?

The diaphragm contracts and the ribcage rises, expanding the thoracic cavity and decreasing pressure in the lungs.

Identify a condition that affects lung compliance. What are the implications?

Asthma affects lung compliance and increases resistance, making it harder to inflate the lungs.

Which center regulates the rhythm of breathing in response to CO2 levels?

The Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) regulates the breathing cycle based on CO2 concentration.

What is the role of chemoreceptors in respiration?

Chemoreceptors sense changes in CO2 levels and adjust respirations accordingly.

Define internal respiration.

The exchange of gases between the blood and tissues.

What impact does hypercapnia have on respiration?

It stimulates an increase in respiratory rate to eliminate excess CO2.