Cardiovascular System ❤️
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34 Terms
What happens during vascular spasm?
Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss
What happens during platelet plug formation?
Platelets stick to damaged area and to each other
What happens during coagulation?
Fibrin forms a stable clot
What is the purpose of hemostasis?
To stop bleeding
What are granulocytes?
White blood cells with visible granules
Name the three granulocytes.
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
What do neutrophils do?
Phagocytize bacteria (first responders)
What do eosinophils do?
Combat parasites and allergic reactions
What do basophils do?
Release histamine and promote inflammation
What are agranulocytes?
White blood cells without visible granules
Name the two agranulocytes.
Lymphocytes and monocytes
What do lymphocytes do?
Adaptive immunity (B and T cells)
What do monocytes do?
Differentiate into macrophages
What are phagocytes?
Cells that engulf and digest pathogens
Which cells are major phagocytes?
Neutrophils and macrophages
What is a T wave on an ECG?
Ventricular repolarization
What determines blood type?
Antigens on red blood cells
What is plasma?
Liquid portion of blood
What are formed elements?
RBCs, WBCs, platelets
What are phagocytes?
Cells that engulf pathogens
What are granulocytes?
WBCs with granules (neutrophils, etc.)
What are agranulocytes?
WBCs without granules (lymphocytes, monocytes)
What are the steps of hemostasis?
Vascular spasm, platelet plug, coagulation
What are the four heart chambers?
RA, RV, LA, LV
What do heart valves do?
Prevent backflow
What is the function of the aorta?
Carry blood to body
What is the cardiac conduction pathway?
SA node → AV node → bundle → Purkinje fibers
What does the P wave represent?
Atrial depolarization
What does the QRS complex represent?
Ventricular depolarization
What is cardiac output?
Heart rate × stroke volume
What is stroke volume?
Blood pumped per beat
What are capillaries used for?
Gas exchange
What is peripheral resistance?
Resistance to blood flow in vessels
What helps venous return?
Skeletal muscle contractions and valves