chem exam 2 study (ch 5)

what are the two types of compounds

molecular/ covalent: 2 nonmetals

ionic: cation+anion (metal + nonmetal)

metal or nonmetal: cations and anions

cation: metal, anion: nonmetal

(ionic charges): monoatomic ions

-ide: one O

(ionic charges) polyatomic ions

-ite: less O, -ate: more O

formula rules for ionic compounds (monoatomic ions)

sum of charges must=0, cation before anion(metal, nonmetal), subscripts reduced

formula rules for ionic compounds (polyatomic ions)

sum of charges=0, cation before polyatomic ion, subscripts used it +1 polyatomic ions

naming ionic compounds rules

cation before anion, metal keeps the name, type 2 use roman numerals, anion uses -ide

ex: NaCl- sodium chloride

rules for naming binary covalent compounds

first element add prefix if 1+, second element gets -ide and ALWAYS prefix (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta)

naming acids rules

written as H_____, anion(blank) needs to balance it

written w/ (aq) meaning aqueous

types of acids

binary- H attached to monoatomic anion (HCl(aq))

oxyacids- H attached to oxygen w polyatomic anion (C₂H₃O₂)

rules for naming binary acids

all start w/ prefix hydro-, anion CHANGES from -ide to -ic

ex: HBr→ hydrobromic acid

naming oxyacids

do NOT use hydro-, anion CHANGES from -ate to -ic, -ite to -ous

MEMORIZE***

H₂SO₄ H₂SO₃ H₂S(aq)

H₂PO₄ H₂PO₃

H₂SO₄= sulfuric acid H₂SO₃=sulfurous acid H₂S(aq)= hydrosulfuric acid

H₂PO₄=phosphoric acid H₂PO₃= phosphorous acid

aqueous vs. gas

if (g) is given instead of (aq)

determining formula mass

is average mass of one molecule

ex: CH₄- C= 12.0107amu + H(4)= 1.0079amu →16.0425 amu