Biology Final

Go brazy

Chromosomes

Structures made of DNA that stores genetic information, humans have 46

Karyotype

An individual's complete set of chromosomes

Mitosis

Division of the cell nucleus, how cells divide

Meosis

process of making gametes (sex cells)

Homologous (Genetics)

Exactly the same traits on each chromosome, except some might have different alleles.

Diploid

Cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes (any normal cell). The # of chromosomes in a diploid cell is sometimes represented by the symbol 2N.

Haploid

An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.

Crossing-Over

Natural thing that happens when two chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids.

What does Crossing Over look like? (Chromosomes)

It looks like one leg from both chromosomes is exchanged.

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity

True breeding

if they produced offspring, the offspring would be exactly the same

Cross Pollination

forcing two different individuals to mate

Natural Selection

Nature naturally selecting the most fit individuals

Artificial Selection

Humans selecting the most fit individuals based off specific traits

Homozygous

Has two completely identical alleles for the same gene

Heterozygous/Hybrid

Has two different alleles for the same gene

What are the characteristics of a primate?

-Opposable thumbs

-Binocular vision

-Mammal

-Nails instead of claws

-Good cerebrum

-Ball and Socket joints in the arms

What was Homo Habilis known for?

Manufacturing the first tools

What was Homo Erectus known for?

Means "Upright Man", first to use fire

What were the Neanderthals known for?

Acheulian tools, no spears or arrows

Ritualised burial, supposed medicinal plants

Cranial capacity similar to homosapiens

What was Homo Sapiens known for?

Meaning "Wise Man", us

What was the first member in the Homo genus?

Homo Habilis (Think Habilis, History)

Law of Dominance

Dominant vs. Recessive alleles

Law of Segregation

During formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other. Thus, each gamete has only one allele.

Law of Independent Assortment

the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis, they aren't linked

What are the four levels of organization of the human body from simplest to most complex?

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems

A group of cells that perform a certain function are called a:

Tissue

What are the four basic types of tissue in the human body

Epithelial, Muscular, Connective, Nervous