Biology - Organisms (KEGS Year 7)

Revise Biology - Organisms for the Year 7 End of Year Test.

Bone

A tissue that forms a hard structure, used to protect organs and for movement.

Skeleton

All the bones in a organism.

Muscular Skeletal System

The organ system in which muscles and bones work together to cause movement and support the body.

Bone Marrow

Tissue found inside some bones where new blood cells are made.

Joint

A part of the skeleton where two or more bones meet.

Cartilage

Smooth tissue found at the end of bones. This reduces friction between them, preventing rubbing.

Ligaments

Connect bones in joints.

Tendons

Connect muscles to bones.

Antagonistic Muscle Pair

A pair of muscles working in unison to create movement as a joint. As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.

Microscope

An optical instrument used to magnify objects, so small details can be seen clearly.

Observation

Information gathered by your senses.

Nucleus

The cell component that contains genetic material (DNA), which controls the cell’s activities.

Cell Membrane

The cell component that surrounds the cell and controls movement of substances in and out.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance (found in cells) where most chemical processes happen.

Mitochondria

Part of the cell where food molecules are broken down during the process of respiration, enabling energy transfer.

Respiration

A chemical reaction where food and oxygen are converted into water and carbon dioxide, enabling energy transfer.

Cell Wall

The cell component that surrounds the cell and strengthens it. In plant cells it is made of cellulose.

Vacuole

The cell component that contains liquid, and can be used by plants to keep the cell rigid and store substances.

Chloroplast

The plant cell component that absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis.

Uni-cellular Organism

A living thing made up of one cell.

Multi-cellular Organism

A living thing made up of many types of cell.

Amoeba

A uni-cellular organism that has no fixed shape.

Euglena

A uni-cellular organism found in fresh water that performs photosynthesis.

Flagellum

A tail-like structure that allows euglenas to move.

Red blood cell

An animal cell that transports oxygen around the body.

Tissue

A group of cells of one type, working together to perform a function.

Ossicle

A small bone in the middle ear (hammer, anvil and stirrup) that transfer vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window.

Femur

The longest, heaviest and strongest bone in your body. It makes up the entire thigh, extending from the hip down to the knee.

Muscle

A living tissue made up of muscle cells.

Skeletal Muscle

A muscle that is joined to a bone, and moves involuntarily to make bones move.

Cardiac Muscle

A muscle found in the heart and moves involuntarily.

Smooth muscle

An involuntary, non-striated muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and various passageways.

Contraction

The tightening or generation of tension within a muscle

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Biceps

Triceps

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Triceps

Biceps

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Hamstrings

Quadriceps

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Quadriceps

Hamstrings

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Gluteus Maximus

Hip Flexors

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Hip Flexors

Gluteus Maximus

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Gastrocnemius

Tibialis Anterior

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Tibialis Anterior

Gastrocnemius

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Pectoralis Major

Latissimus Dorsi

Antagonistic Muscle Pair with Latissimus Dorsi

Pectoralis Major

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis where proteins are made within the cell.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

An essential, membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells.

Four requirements for fungi and bacteria to grow

Food (Glucose), Water, Optimum Temperature, Oxygen

Aerobic Respiration

The process where cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce usable energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Aerobic Respiration Symbol Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Aerobic Respiration Word Equation

Glucose + 6(Oxygen) → 6(Carbon Dioxide) + 6(Water)