Chapter 5: Land and Water Use (copy) Notes | Knowt

What are pesticides?

Chemical substances used to control pests, but their use has drawbacks.

What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

An ecologically based approach to controlling pests.

What are biological pesticides?

Living organisms used to control pests.

What are carbamates?

A type of pesticide that affects the nervous system of pests.

What are fumigants?

Chemicals used to sterilize soil and prevent pest infestation.

What are inorganic pesticides?

Broad-based pesticides that include highly toxic substances like arsenic and lead.

What are organic pesticides?

Natural poisons derived from plants used to control pests.

What are persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?

Organic compounds that accumulate in living organisms and biomagnify in food chains.

What describes pesticide resistance?

The decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a previously effective pesticide.

What is the pesticide treadmill?

The cycle where farmers use increasingly toxic chemicals to control pesticide-resistant pests.

What methods are included in Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

Mechanical controls, genetically modified crops, intercropping, natural insect predators, and more.

What is urbanization?

The movement of people from rural areas to cities, along with accompanying changes.

What are some pros of urbanization?

Improved education, better sanitation, and increased tax revenues.

What are some cons of urbanization?

Overcrowded schools, strain on social services, and increased pollution.

What is urban sprawl?

The expansion of populations away from central urban areas into low-density communities.

What are two major factors contributing to urban sprawl?

Population growth and per capita land consumption.

What solutions exist for problems associated with urban sprawl?

Implementing bike lanes, public transport options, and carpool lanes.

What is smart growth?

Development that promotes compact, transit-oriented, and walkable land use.

What is urban runoff?

Surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization, leading to flooding and pollution.

What is a sanitary landfill?

A facility that prevents environmental contamination from waste.

What is leachate?

Liquid that drains or leaches from a landfill, often containing harmful substances.

What is e-waste?

Electronic waste that includes discarded electronics with precious and hazardous materials.

What can be done with methane produced in landfills?

It can be used as fuel for machines or generate electricity.

How can landfill usage be conserved?

Through recycling, composting, reusing, and reducing waste.

What is genetic resistance in pests?

An inherited change in the genetic makeup of pests that allows for better survival.

What is gentrification?

The process of higher-income residents moving into lower-income neighborhoods, raising property values.