Unit 1 BSN Summer 2026 Study Guide - Infant Development and Care

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering infant developmental milestones, nursing care, physiological benchmarks, and common pediatric gastrointestinal conditions based on the Unit 1 study guide.

Posterior Fontanel

The small soft spot on an infant's head that typically closes by $2-3\,\text{months}$ of age.

Anterior Fontanel

The larger soft spot on an infant's head that typically closes between $12-18\,\text{months}$ of age.

Newborn Respiratory Rate

The expected range for a newborn is $30-60\,\text{rpm}$.

Newborn Pulse Rate

$80-100\,\text{bpm}$ at rest, $120-160\,\text{bpm}$ when awake, and up to $180\,\text{bpm}$ when crying.

One-Year-Old Vital Signs

Respirations: $20-30\,\text{rpm}$; Pulse: $80-125\,\text{bpm}$; BP: $90-105/55-70\,\text{mmHg}$.

Infant Weight Milestones

An infant should double their birth weight by $6\,\text{months}$ and triple it by $12\,\text{months}$.

Post-Birth Weight Loss

It is normal for an infant to lose up to $10\%$ of their birth weight, which they should regain around $4-5\,\text{days}$ of age.

SIDS Prevention Interventions

Placing the infant on their back to sleep, avoiding smoke exposure, NO bed sharing, using a pacifier, and ensuring a tight mattress and sheets.

Botulism Risk

Honey should be avoided in infants to prevent this condition.

Organic Failure to Thrive

A condition resulting from congenital problems or a direct medical cause.

Inorganic Failure to Thrive

A condition resulting from environmental or psychosocial issues.

Physiological Anemia

A condition caused by the loss of the mother’s red blood cells, with infants at highest risk at $3-4\,\text{months}$ of age.

Vastus Lateralis

The muscle typically used for administering immunizations in infants.

Object Permanence

The understanding that an item exists even when hidden; typically understood by infants at $8-9\,\text{months}$ of age.

Colic Diagnosis criteria

Intense crying for $3\,\text{hours}$ a day, for $3\,\text{days}$ a week, for more than $3\,\text{weeks}$.

FLACC Scale

A tool used to assess pain in infants based on behaviors like crying and grimacing.

Celiac Disease

A condition requiring the avoidance of gluten, found in wheat, rye, and barley (e.g., pasta, beer, bread).

Pyloric Stenosis

A condition characterized by an 'olive lump,' metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and weight loss.

Hirshberg’s (Aganglionic Megacolon)

A condition where the absence of ganglion cells leads to an inflamed colon.

Intussusception

The telescoping of the bowel that may resolve on its own or require an air enema.

Meckel Diverticulum

An issue characterized by painless rectal bleeding with jelly stool and potential abdominal pain.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Nutrition provided through a central line for malnourished individuals or those unable to use their GI tract.

Breastfed Stool

Characterized as seedy and yellow; the 'seeds' are undigested protein.

Steatorrhea

Fatty, greasy stool.

Infant Urine Output Calculation

$1\,\text{mL/kg/hr}$ for children weighing less than $30\,\text{kg}$.

Grasp Reflex (1-2 months)

Strong at $1\,\text{month}$ (clenches rattle on contact) and begins fading by $2\,\text{months}$.

Tripod Position

When a $7\text{-month-old}$ infant sits while leaning forward on both hands.

Crude Pincer Grasp

Using the thumb and index finger to pick up objects; typically develops at $9\,\text{months}$.

Metric Conversions: Mass

$1000\,\text{mcg} = 1\,\text{mg}$; $1000\,\text{mg} = 1\,\text{g}$; $1\,\text{kg} = 2.2\,\text{lbs}$; $1\,\text{kg} = 1000\,\text{g}$.

Metric Conversions: Volume

$1000\,\text{mL} = 1\,\text{L}$; $1\,\text{mL} = 1\,\text{cc}$; $5\,\text{mL} = 1\,\text{tsp}$; $15\,\text{mL} = 1\,\text{Tbsp}$; $30\,\text{mL} = 1\,\text{oz}$; $240\,\text{mL} = 1\,\text{cup}$.