a and p stuff

Which system provides protection and prevents water loss?

Integumentary System

What is the term for blood cell production in the skeletal system?

Hematopoiesis

The skeletal system provides sites for what attachments?

Ligament and muscle attachments

What long muscle is found in the thigh?

Sartorius muscle

Which vitamin is synthesized by the integumentary system?

Vitamin D

Which structures are part of the integumentary system?

Hair, skin, and toenails

The integumentary system regulates what?

Body temperature

The integumentary system houses sensory receptors.

True

What are the glands associated with the skin called?

Skin-associated glands

Which minerals are stored in the skeletal system?

Calcium and phosphorus

Which bone protects the brain?

Skull

Where is the skull located?

Head

Where is the sternum located?

Chest

Where is the sacrum located?

Lower back

Where are the vertebrae located?

Spine

What structure connects the upper and lower leg bones?

Knee joint

The skeletal system provides support and protection.

True

Which part of the nervous system consists of the nerves?

Peripheral Nervous System

What is the nervous system responsible for?

Consciousness, intelligence, and memory

The nervous system controls muscles and some glands.

True

What do the glands of the endocrine system secrete?

Hormones

The endocrine system controls reproductive functions.

True

What is generated when muscles contract?

Heat

Which large muscle is located in the chest?

Pectoralis major

Match Sartorius to its type.

Muscle

Match Aponeurosis to its type.

Sheet-like tendon

Match Tendons to their type.

Connective tissue

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Produce body movement

Which organs make up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Brain and spinal cord

What is an example of a sense organ in the nervous system?

Eye

The nervous system is a regulatory system that responds to what?

Sensory stimuli

Which gland is located in the neck?

Thyroid gland

Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?

Adrenal glands

Which of the following are endocrine glands?

Pituitary gland, pineal gland, and thymus

Which organ acts as the pump for the cardiovascular system?

Heart

The endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis of what?

Blood composition

What is distributed through the blood vessels?

Blood

What does the cardiovascular system transport?

Hormones, nutrients, and gases

The cardiovascular system picks up what?

Waste products

What is the name of the fluid transported by the lymphatic system?

Lymph

Which lymphatic organ is located in the upper left abdomen?

Spleen

Which of the following are types of lymph nodes?

Cervical, axillary, and inguinal

The lymphatic system participates in what?

An immune response

Which duct is a major vessel of the lymphatic system?

Thoracic duct

Which gases are exchanged in the respiratory system?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is the common name for the larynx?

Voice box

What is the common name for the pharynx?

Throat

Order the air pathway from outside to the lungs.

Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi

Gas exchange occurs between the blood and the air in the lungs.

True

Which organ filters the blood to remove waste?

Kidney

What tube carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Ureter

What tube carries urine from the bladder out of the body?

Urethra

The urinary system concentrates waste products in the form of what?

Urine

The urinary system filters biologically active molecules.

True

Where does mechanical and chemical digestion begin?

Oral cavity

Which organ is located between the esophagus and the small intestine?

Stomach

Which are accessory organs of the digestive system?

Salivary glands and liver

Order the digestive tract from top to bottom.

Pharynx → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine

The digestive system expels what?

Waste products

What are the male sex cells called?

Sperm

What are the female sex cells called?

Oocytes

Which male organ produces testosterone?

Testis

Which female organ produces estrogen and progesterone?

Ovary

What is the function of the testis?

Produces sperm

What is the function of the scrotum?

Sac holding testes

What is the function of the penis?

Transfer organ

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

Sperm transport

What is the function of the uterus?

Site of development

What is the function of the uterine tube?

Site of fertilization

What is the function of the vagina?

Birth canal

What is the function of the mammary glands?

Produce milk

Fertilization of an oocyte typically occurs where?

Uterine tube

The female reproductive system produces breast milk for nourishment of the newborn.

True

What is the term for maintaining a stable internal environment?

Homeostasis

What component detects a change in a variable?

Receptor

What component receives input and initiates a change?

Control center

What component brings about the response to a stimulus?

Effector

What is the pathway from the receptor to the control center?

Afferent pathway

What is the pathway from the control center to the effector?

Efferent pathway

Order the components of a homeostatic control system.

Stimulus → Receptor → Control Center → Effector → Response

The response of the effector feeds back to reduce the effect of the stimulus.

Negative feedback

A stimulus produces a change in a variable.

True

What state is the body in when variables are at their set point?

Balance

What is the homeostatic set point for blood glucose?

90 mg/100 mL

Which hormone is released when blood glucose levels rise?

Insulin

Which hormone is released when blood glucose levels fall?

Glucagon

Which cells in the pancreas release insulin?

Beta cells

Which cells in the pancreas release glucagon?

Alpha cells

Which organs respond to insulin to lower blood glucose?

Liver and body cells

The liver breaks down what to release glucose into the blood?

Glycogen

Glucagon causes blood glucose levels to rise.

True

What type of feedback loop is shown in the breastfeeding example?

Positive feedback

What is the stimulus in the breastfeeding feedback loop?

Baby suckles at breast

Which hormone is released to stimulate milk ejection?

Oxytocin

Which part of the brain acts as the control center for oxytocin release?

Hypothalamus

In positive feedback, the variable continues to increase until what occurs?

A climactic event

Positive feedback returns a variable to a homeostatic level immediately.

False