bioPhysical digestion

Physical digestion

Physical digestion refers to the breaking up of food into smaller pieces by physical means. This increases the surface area of the food for the action of digestive enzymes.

Chemical digestion

Chemical digestion refers to the breakdown of large, complex food molecules into small, simple molecules through chemical reactions (hydrolysis). The reactions are catalysed by digestive enzymes.

How is food swallowed 1

The tongue rises to force the bolus (食團) to the back of the mouth cavity

How is food swallowed2

The soft palate is pushed upward, closing the nasal cavity at the back.

How is food swallowed 3

The larynx moves upward and forward. The epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea

How is food swallowed 4

The bolus enters the oesophagus

Bile Site of production

Liver

Bile Enzymes or chemical substances present

Bile salts ,Sodium hydrogencarbonate

Bile Effect

lipids emulsification smaller droplets

Pancreatic Site of production

Pancreas

Pancreatic Enzymes or chemical substances present

Pancreatic amylase,Lipase,Proteases,Sodium hydrogencarbonate

Pancreatic Effect

Starch to Maltose,Lipids to Fatty acids and Glycerol,Proteins to Peptides to Amino acids

Intestinal juice Site of production

Intestinal glands

Intestinal juice Enzymes or chemical substances present

water,mucus,Sodium hydrogencarbonate

enzyme present on cell membrance

Carbohydrases,proteases

enzyme present on cell membrance effect

Disaccharides to monosaccharides,peptides to amino acid