Xanthines in Respiratory Therapy

Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and clinical uses of xanthines in respiratory therapy.

Xanthines

A class of drugs used in respiratory therapy for asthma, COPD, and apnea of prematurity.

Theophylline

A xanthine derivative used as a bronchodilator, particularly for asthma and COPD management.

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a clinical indication for xanthine therapy.

GOLD

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, which outlines treatment guidelines including xanthine use.

Methylxanthines

A group of xanthines, including theophylline, caffeine, and theobromine, used in respiratory therapy.

Therapeutic Range of Theophylline

10 to 20 μg/mL, above which adverse effects start to occur.

Narrow Therapeutic Index

Refers to the small range between therapeutic and toxic doses of theophylline.

Apnea of Prematurity (AOP)

A clinical condition in neonates for which xanthines are first-line treatment.

Caffeine Citrate

Preferred xanthine for AOP due to better safety profile and lower side effects compared to theophylline.

Bronchodilator

A drug that relaxes and opens air passages in the lungs, theophylline is classified as this.

Serum Levels of Theophylline

Ranges indicating effects:

Proposed Theories of Theophylline Action

Include smooth muscle relaxation via phosphodiesterase inhibition and antagonism of adenosine.

Side Effects of Theophylline

Common side effects include gastric upset, headache, anxiety, and diuresis.

Factors Affecting Theophylline Activity

Liver/kidney conditions and interactions with other drugs influence theophylline metabolism.

Clinical Indications for Theophylline

Include asthma, COPD, and Apnea of Prematurity, though not first-line for asthma.

Respiratory Assessment of Xanthines

Includes monitoring effectiveness, flow rates, and patient's reaction to treatment.