SELECTED WORK: Claude Monet, Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare, 1877

When was Monet born?

1840

When did Monet die?

1926

Where was Monet born?

Paris

what Family was Monet born into?

Middle-Class Family

Where did Monet grow up?

Le Havre, an important port in Normandy

What was Monet's Father's job

Grocer

Where did Monet's Father work as a Grocer?

Le Havre

Where did Monet go in 1862

Monet Went to Paris to study art

Who did Monet study Art Under?

Academic Painter Charles Glevre

What did Monet do for a brief period before studying art?

brief period of Military service in the French Colony of Algeria

Where did Monet live between 1871 - 1877

Argenteuil, a northwestern suburb of Paris directly on the line from Saint-Lazare

When did Monet live in Argenteuil?

1871-1877

How was the Idea of Argenteuil changing during the 1870s

the image of Argenteuil as a countryside retreat was slowly giving way, replaced by its new role as a suburban village

At the beginning of his career what "faction" did Monnet align himself with?

Monet at first was allied with the Traditionalists

Describe Monets early career

Monet showed his landscape paintings at the Salon or state sponsored art exhibitions

When did Monet exhibit his Landscape paintings at the Salon?

-1865

-1866

-1868

Who did Monet meet that pushed him towards Impressionism

-Alfred Sisley

-Pierre-Auguste Renoir

When did Monet meet Sisley and Renoir ( and when he started experimenting with Impressionism )?

Late 1860s

What did Monet depict in his early experiments with Impressionism?

more abstract representations of the landscape

Describe the formal analysis aspects of Monet's Early Impressionist Landscape paintings?

-stressed spontaneity

-application of saturate, often unmixed colors

-focus on brushwork and experimental techniques

-rejected detailed naturalism

Monet and 3(named) other formed a "société anonyme" in what year?

1874

what is a "société anonyme"

a French legal term for a corporation owned by stockholders

who did Monet form a "société anonyme" with?

-Monet

-Gustave Caillebotte

Edgar Degas

-Others

What work did Monet Display at the First Impressionist exhibition?

Impression, Sunrise

What characterized Monets works from 1871 - 1877 when he lived in Argenteuil?

many of his works show his family enjoying an idyllic space of flowers and fresh air away from the city

When did Monet begen gravitating toward urban-industrial themes?

1870s

How did Monet's works/style shift in the 1870s?

began gravitating toward urban-industrial themes

WHen did Monet start renting Studio Space near Gare Saint-Lazare?

1877

What Career Decision did Monet make in 1877 because he likes trains?

started renting studio space near the Gare Saint-Lazare

How did Monet's subject matter change after he started renting studio space in 1877?

started working on paintings that directly showed urban buildings and activities

How was Monet known to connect his paintings?

released his paintings as Serial images?

what are Serial Images?

a group of related artworks created by a single artist that share a rigorously consistent structure, theme, or process

What were the different conditions that Monet depicted his subject matters in?

-variety of weathers

-Time of Day

What were some of Monet's most well known subject matters?

-His family ( in the 1870s )

-rurual haystakcs

-waterlilies in his garden

-House of Parliament ( London )

-Cathedral in Rouen, Normandy

Where is the House of Parliment?

London

Where is the Cathedral that Monet liked to depict?

Rouen, Normandy

What were all mentioned Monet Works?

Gare Saint-Lazare Series

-Arival of the Normandy Train

-Frogg Museum

-Muée D'orsay

-Impression Sunrise

Describe the Impressionist Style

-rejection of detailed, highly finished naturalism

-brushwork and color to produce works that appeared to be momentary "impressions."

What was a major difference between many Impressionists?

subject matter

what were some of the varying subject matters between Impressionists

-natural landscapes

-activities associated with middle class leisure time

-changing city of Paris

What was a common Impressionist "technique"?

En Plein Air

what is En Plein Air

painting outdoors

What technological advancements made En plein air easier/ possible

-oil paint

-pre filled metal tubes ( making painting more portable )

-various other developments in painting supplies

what were the 2 rival factions in Paris during the 1850s and 1860s?

-Academic Faction

-Younger "radical" painters

what characterized the Academic faction

privileged linear perspective, sharp focus, and high finish

What were the Impressionists seen as when they first emerged?

upstart radicals

Who is compared to the Impressionists and their start?

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in England

what marked the beginning of the major conflict between Impressionists and the Academic Faction?

When Monet and friends formed the Societe anonyme in 1874

When was the First Impressionist group Exhibition

1874

what demographic made up the artists in the 1st Impressionist group exhibition

artists whose works had been rejected by the official salon

Where did Impressionists get the name "Impressionists"?

Art critic Louis Leroy called the group Impressionists after seeing Impression Sunrise at the 1st Impressionist exhibition

After 20 Years did everyone love impressionism?

Fuh no!

When did Impressionism fully gain GOAT status?

What characterized Paris before it started to modernize

turbulent period of revolutions

what years were there revolutions in Paris?

-1789

-1814

-1830

-1848

what characterized Paris after the turbulent period of Revolutions

Paris under went a major Urban renewal project

what were the factors of Paris Urban renewal project?

-widening main streets

-installing public amenities ( like parks and Gardens )

-constructing iconic buildings

-expansion of railroads

what iconic buildings were built during Paris Renewal projects?

-Printemps department store ( 1865)

-the Opera (1875)

How many new railroad stations were built through 1900

7

What was the purpose of the 7 new rail roads built in Paris?

connects the capital city to nearly all regions of France

What was the First new Railroad station built in France?

Gare Saint-Lazare

when does the ORIGINAL location of the Gare Saint-Lazare date back to?

1835

Describe the location of the Gare Saint Lazare train station?

-central Paris

-10 minuet walk from the main shopping district

Where does the Gare Saint Lazar train station connect Paris too?

-suburbs to the Northwest

-later to regions farther, such as Normandy the Coastal region in Northwestern France where Monet grew up

Describe the ORIGINAL train tracks of the Gare Saint-Lazare train station?

hidden under a plaza

Describe the effect of the 1853 redevelopment of the Gare Saint-Lazare train station

opened up the approach to the station and necessitated the construction of the Pont De l' Europe

When were the Original tracks of the Gare Saint-Lazare opened up/ redeveloped?

1853

what was the point of Pont De L'Europe

its a bridge that allows pedestrians to cross over the train Tracks

What did the New Gare Saint-Lazare train station as well as the Pont De l' Europe (bridge) symbolize in Paris?

symbols of a new evolving Paris that was slowly demolishing medieval buildings and streets to make way for a fresh vision of the city

Describe the architecture of the the Gare Saint-Lazare train station

-Iron and Glass roof structure for the roof ( big ahh roof, lots of natural light )

-architecture represents Frances Modernity

Who were the mfs who made shit about Gare Saint-Lazare train station

-Honre Daumier

-Edouard Manet

Caillebotte

Who was one of the FIRST MODERN FRENCH artists to represent the expanding railway network

printmaker Honre Daumier

What Media did Honore Daumier make related to trains

produced cartoons, including the satirical series titled On the Train

What company did Honore Daumier produce cartoons for?

Humor periodical Le Charivari

Who was the First to focus on the clouds of steam and smoke emitted by the coal-burning locomotives

Edouard Manet

What work did Edouard Manet make relating to Trains

The Railway (1873)

Formal Analysis of The Railway (1873)

shows a governess and young child looking through railings onto a train line suffused with fluffy white steam

Who was another Impressionist who focused on industrial and architectural apparatus of the railway network

Caillebotte

What piece of Media did Caillebotte make about trains!

Le Pont de L' Europe (1876)

Formal Analysis of Le Pont de L' Europe (1876)

shows the new iron truss bridge that spanned the tracks of Saint-Lazare train station

How many paintings did Monet make in around the Saint-Lazare station?

12

When did Monet make the 12 scenes in the Gare Saint-Lazare series?

1877

What do the scences in the Gare Saint-Lazare series focus on?

looking out from the train platforms toward the Pont de l'Europe and city beyond

what was an initial barrier that Monet passed to be able to make the Gare Saint-Lazare series?

he had to receive special permission to work inside the station

the 12 paintings of scences in and around the Saint-Lazare station make up what series of work?

Gare Saint-Lazare Series

What were the 3 mentioned paintings in the Saint-Lazare Series?

-Arival of Normandy Train

-Fogg Museum ( at Harvard University)

-Mesee d'Orsay (in Paris)

How many paintings in the Garns Saint-Lazare Series did Monet display at the 3rd Impressionist exebition?

7

what was another work that was displayed at the 3rd Impressionist exhibition?

Caillebotte's Le Pont de l'Europe

Describe the formal qualities of Arrival of Normandy train?

-Train stopped at a buffer

-glass-roofed train hall

-newer tracks extend further into the space to the rear where the artist would have stood

-Pont de l'Europe is partly visible

-Pont de l'Europe seems to disappear in the haze of smoke at the left of the image

-foreground ( about 1/4 of the painting ) is mainly pale greenish-borwn

-black to blush gray make the everything but the foreground

What are the different burshmarks used in the painting

-Small feathery storkes

-larger blotches

-quick scribbles

what is the effect of the different burshstroke types?

evoke the quickly-moving character of the steam comming from the main trains smoke stack

What blends wtih the smoke from the main train?

-smoke from other trains

-clouds

what is the weather in Arrival of the Normandy Train?

overcast day (hazy pale sky)

What is different about Arrival of the Normandy Train than the other works in the series?

It is mostly Monochromatic

How does Arrival of Normandy Train show France's Modernity

-cast iron pillars

-large glass roofing panes

-The way steam seems to dematerialize the architecture and people

What was the goal of Monet's Impressionism paintings?

to give viewers a sense of momentary, quick observation

What do Monets notebooks show us about Arrival of the Normandy Train?

extensive sketches of the station and the surrounding neighborhood, which he used as preparatory materials for the finished painting

What did Novelist Emile Zola say about the 3rd Impressionist Exhibition?

mad glazing it