Energy Balance
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36 Terms
Energy Balance
Energy intake vs output
Energy intake
kcals from food
Energy output
kcals used by body
Energy Equilibrium
Energy input equals output (same weight)
Postive energy balance
Intake over output (gain weight)
Negative energy balance
Energy intake less output (weight loss)
How is food measured?
Bomb calorimetry
Bioavaibilsty
Describes how much of a nutrient actually makes it into blood
Hunger
Promotes eating/physiological drive to eat
Satiation
signal to stop eating
Satiety
no longer wanting to eat
Appetite
Physiological drive to eat (pleasure)
Neuroendocrine control
Nervals/ endocrine system
Increase food intake
Ghrelin/ released via stomach
Decrease food intake
Leptin/ fat cells
Hypothalamus
region in brain for hunger/satiety
How is energy output measured?
In/Direct calorimetry
Direct calorimetry
Heat produced by body
Indirect calorimetry
Oxygen used to create energy
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Min energy needed to keep organs/constant body temp
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Includes stress and injury repair
Thremogensis
Shivering and fidgeting
Thermic effect of food
Energy used to digest, absorb, and metabolize food
Used to create enzymes/transport molecules
Phsycial Acitivity
Energy used to move body
Being overweight health impacts
heart disease, stroke, High BP, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and joint diabetes
Being underwieght impacts
Osteoprosis, skin/dental health, anemia, immune supression, slowed/stopped growth
BMI
weight / height squared
BMI does not account for
Bone mass and muscel mass
Acessing body fat
underwater weighting, bioletrical impedure, DEXA scan, and skin fold test
Body fat reccomendations
Men 8-24%
Women 21-35%
Subcutaneous fat
right under skin
Visceral fat
Around organs/ health problems
Android obesity
excess fat around abdomen
Gyroid obesity
Excess fat hips/thighs
Lose weight
Reduce kcal intake, excerise, avoid alcohol
Gain weight
Increase kcal intake, increase fat/energy dense foods, small meals, and exercise