1453-2016 Dates Quiz Study Set

1453

Gutenberg is making the printing press as Constantinople "falls" to the Turks

1492

Columbus lands in New World and Spain completes the Reconquista and ousts Jews and Moors

1513

Machiavelli wrote The Prince (compare to Christian Humanist Erasmus and secular Castiglione)

1517

Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses in Wittenberg, Germany

1534

King Henry VIII passes the Act of Supremacy; Jesuits created

1545

Council of Trent begins; John Calvin preaches in Geneva

1555

HRE Charles V Habsburg agrees to the Peace of Augsburg

1588

Elizabeth I Tudor (politique) defeats Philip II of Spain's (Habsburg) Spanish Armada

1598

Henry IV Bourbon (politique) issues the Edict of Nantes; (Louis XIV revokes in 1685)

1627

Cardinal Richelieu sieges La Rochelle, Dutch Golden Age; Baroque art flourishes

1633

Inquisition puts Galileo on trial in Rome; Descartes' math + Bacon's empiricism = Scientific Method

1648

Treaty of Westphalia end 30 Years' War & solidifies Elbe-Trieste Line, military revolution; Fronde revolts threaten young Louis XIV

1651

Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads in Parliament win the English Civil War, Mercantilist English Navigation Acts, Hobbes' Leviathan

1689

English Bill of Rights follows the Glorious Revolution ('88) —> Constitutional Monarchy, John Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government

1713

Pragmatic Sanction in Austria; Peace of Utrecht ends War of Spanish Succession, as

Peter I Romanov moves his capital to St. Petersburg as Louis XIV is Dying; Age of Enlightenment begins

1756

Diplomatic Rev. leads to 7 Years' War; Agricultural Rev.; population & illegitimacy explosion ~begin

1776

Classical Liberal Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, Declaration of Independence begins American Revolution; Watt steam engine

1789

French Revolution begins ('91 Const. Monarchy, '92 Republic, '93 Robespierre's Reign of Terror)

1795

Final partition of Poland by Enl. Despots (Austrian Habsburgs, Prussian Hohenzollerns, Russian Romanovs)

1799

Napoleon came to power in France

1815

Congress of Vienna exiles Napoleon, English Enclosure completes rural proletarization, Dual Rev. merge, Age of Metternich begins the Concert of Europe

1830

Another Fr. Rev. (—> 1832 Reform Bill in England, 1834 Zollverein), Greek and Belgian Independence, failed Polish Rev., Rocket train

1848

R/evolutions everywhere but England & Russia end the Age of Metternich, Marx/Engels' The Communist Manifesto, Realism replaces Romanticism; Positivist philosophy popularizes in the Victorian Era

1861

Unification of Italy by Realpolitik Cavour, Tsar Alexander II of Russia freed the serfs, Impressionism and Modern art begin

1871

Unification of Germany by Realpolitik Bismarck; Second Industrial Revolution begins; Scramble for Africa begins

1899

Boxer Rebellion, Boer War, Dreyfus Affair, Rudyard Kipling's White Man's Burden

1914

Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated to spark WWI total warfare

1917

Bolshevik-Russian Revolution pulls Russia out of WWI

1919

Treaty of Versailles tries to settle WWI; Age of Anxiety begins; Weimar Republic established in Germany

1929

Stock Market crash sparks Great Depression while Stalin's 5 Year Plan of Collectivization under way

1939

Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact; Fascist Hitler invades Poland to start WWII

1945

Atomic bombs end WWII, United Nation created, the Cold War begins and decolonization spreads; Keynesian economics; Baby Boom begins

1949

NATO & COMECON formed; Berlin Airlift ends; Economic Miracle begins; China goes Communist under Mao; Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex

1957

Khrushchev de-Stalinizes, Sputnik launches the Space Race & the supra-national Treaty of Rome turns the ECSC into the Common Market/ European Economic Community (EC or EEC)

1961

Berlin Wall was built, US enters Vietnam, Second Vatican Council

1968

Soviets crush the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia; student protests in Paris' Economic Miracle ends

1979

Pope John Paul II visits Poland, Soviets invade Afghanistan, Détente wanes, neoliberal Margaret Thatcher reacts to stagflation, Green Party founded, Iranian Revolution

1989

Revolutions led to the fall of the Soviet Eastern bloc & the fall of the Berlin Wall leads to German re-unification (1990)

1991

Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost fail and the Soviet Union collapses

1993

Maastricht Treaty creates the single market EU (European Union)

1999

NATO gets involved in the Kosovo Conflict in Yugoslavia, Euro phased in as EU currency, Putin comes to power

2004

EU expands to include ten more, mostly former eastern bloc, countries

2016

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