Lab 9 1310 BIOS

A desirable total cholesterol value should be below ____________________ mg/dL.

200

Optimal HDL levels should be at least ____________________ mg/dL or higher.

60

Most cholesterol is produced by the ________________________________.

liver

Pepsinogen is released from the ____________________ cells of the stomach.

chief

The parietal cells of the stomach secrete ____________________ and ____________________________.

hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

The macronutrient that is the body’s primary energy source is ________________________________.

carbohydrates

The fat-soluble vitamins are ____________________, ____________________, & ____________________.

A, D, E, K

The water-soluble vitamins are ____________________, & ____________________.

B-complex & vitamin C

Lipids that should be limited due to involvement in cardiovascular disease are ____________________ & ____________________.

saturated and trans

Micronutrients - vital to health but needed in less amounts than macros include: ____________________ & ____________________.

vitamins and minerals

___________________ indicate how much energy is obtained from one serving of the food.

calories

___________________ indicates how much a nutrient in one serving contributes to the total daily recommended intake.

% daily value

Nutrients that are encouraged because many individuals do not consume enough of them, include: ____________________, ____________________, ____________________, & ____________________.

dietary fiber, iron, calcium, potassium and vitamin D

Stomach acid has a pH of

.8

Stomach acid is neutralized by ____________________ in the ________________________________.

bicarbonate in small intestine

B12 is absorbed in the distal ____________________ and requires the presence of adequate ____________________.

ileum by intrinsic factor

___________________ package lipids at the lumen of the small intestine and deliver it through lymphatic channels to the circulatory system.

chylomicrons

The nondigestible form of carbohydrate that plays an additional role in digestive health, satiety, and cholesterol reduction is ____________________.

fiber

Precursor, protease protein enzymes that become active in the small intestine are ____________________.

zymogens

The only stage of digestive processes that you have conscious control over is ____________________.

ingestion

Digestion of carbs/starches begins in the ____________________.

mouth

Digestion of proteins begins in the ____________________.

stomach

In the event of damage or resection, the liver can fully regenerate with only ______________ percent remaining.

10-25%

What percentage of pancreatic function is exocrine? ____________________.

99%

What is another term for “starvation” state? ____________________.

post-absorptive

What is another term for “well-fed” state? ____________________

absorptive

What is the medical term for swallowing? ____________________.

deglutition

Name the medical term for passing feces. ____________________.

defecation

Name the medical term for chewing. ____________________.

mastication

Salivary amylase functions in the mouth to begin the process of breaking down ____________________.

carbs/starches

Which lipoprotein pathway is marked by production in the liver and transporting triglycerides to the tissues for storage? ____________________.

LDL / VLDL

Which structure serves dual functions in being a pathway for bile going TO the gallbladder for storage and also coming FROM the gallbladder for use? ____________________.

cystic duct

When chyme, from a fatty meal reaches the duodenum, the hormone ____________________ signals the release of bile.

CCK

The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is termed ____________________.

metabolism

The disaccharide sucrose is made of monosaccharides ____________________ & ____________________.

glucose and fructose