Classification of economies 1.1

What are the 4 economic sectors

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Economic sector- Primary

• collection of raw materials (mining) and production of crops (farming)

• Located in rural areas

• Low paid, manual work

Economic sector- secondary

• manufacturing of raw materials into a finished product (car manufacturer)

• More regular income than seasonal primary jobs

• Secondary employment located in northern cities like Middlesbrough

Economic sector- Tertiary

• provides a service (education) or managing businesses

• Concentrated in urban areas

• Gives higher salary than primary or quaternary but work is often office based, limited outdoor interactions

Economic sector- Quaternary

• provides specialist services in finance, law

• Requires highly educated workforce

• Mainly located in London

What does the Clark Fisher model show

How places main economic sector changes over time

Clark fisher model

Pre- industrial- population works in primary sector, small population in secondary sector

Industrial- Number of people in primary sector declined due to land taken up my manufacturing, secondary employment increases

Post industrial- Decrease in amount of secondary jobs due to movement of factories overseas, tertiary and quaternary employment increases due to more demand for technology etc

How has the UK followed the trends from Clark Fishers model

• Decline in primary and secondary sector due to industrialisation- make up for 16%

• Growth in tertiary and quaternary sector- make up for 86%

Employment types

• Full time or part time

• Temporary or permanent- ppl in temp (zero hours) earn less than than ppl in perm, less financial security

• Employed or self employed- self employed more likely to be successful in gaps in market for product, service, may provide employment for others

Differences in economic activity in St Albans and Middlesbrough

• St Albans had double the number of professionals in Middlesbrough

• St Albans has less people working in manual work

• St Albans is more economically successful as their GVA is 3x Middlesbrough

What are the social characteristics on economic activity

Health, life expectancy, levels of education

How does health affect economic activity

• ppl with poor health, disabilities have trouble findings jobs reducing ability to earn money- may need local council support

• ppl with higher income afford healthier foods, higher quality housing, regular health check-ups- more you earn the healthier you are- higher life expectancy

How does level of education affect economic activity

• ppl with high education levels (uni degree) do well than ppl w basic qualifications (GCSEs)- will earn more

• Uni and apprentices are expensive- not very accessible for low income groups

• children with parents who have high professional jobs do better in school, may work similar jobs

Differences in economic activity due to education in Reading and Middlesbrough

• double amounts of adults had no qualifications in Middlesbrough than St Albans

• double amount of adults had uni qualifications in St Albans than Middlesbrough

Quality of life indices reflecting economic inequalities

• QOF measures ppls health, living standards, ability to take part in life events

• varies between parts of UK- lower earnings have lower QOF- lower life expectancy, lower health, lower education

• St Albans ranked 3rd of UK Prosperity Index, Middlesborough 372

• high incoem dosent alway sequal high QOF- high income= high cost of living cause lower QOF score