POL1101%20%20Midterm%20Study%20Guide.pdf

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Established that the federal government has implied powers under the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Ruled that enslaved African Americans were not considered citizens of the US and could not sue in federal court.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Supreme Court ruling that upheld racial segregation laws under the doctrine of 'separate but equal'.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Established that a person has the right to choose to have an abortion based on the right to privacy.

Federalism

The division of power between national and state governments.

Direct Democracy

A system where citizens directly vote on laws and policies rather than electing representatives.

Republic

A form of government in which the citizens elect representatives to exercise power on their behalf.

The Necessary and Proper Clause

Grants Congress the power to create laws necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.

Judicial Review

The power of courts to examine the actions of legislative, executive, and administrative arms of government to determine their constitutionality.

What does the Necessary and Proper Clause do?

It grants Congress the power to create laws necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.