Cellular Regulation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to cellular regulation, including definitions, processes, and risk factors.

Cellular Regulation

Encompasses all functions carried out in the cells to maintain homeostasis and respond to extracellular signals.

Homeostasis

The ability of a cell to maintain a stable internal environment.

Mitosis

The process of cell division which results in duplication.

Neoplasia

The process of abnormal cell growth, resulting in neoplasms.

Neoplasm

An abnormal growth of tissue that can be benign or malignant.

Benign Neoplasm

A non-cancerous tumor that does not invade nearby tissues or spread.

Malignant Neoplasm

A cancerous tumor that invades surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body.

Hypertrophy

Increase in cell size leading to larger tissue or organ.

Hyperplasia

Increase in the number of cells, leading to the enlargement of the tissue.

Euploidy

The normal number of chromosomes in a cell.

Apoptosis

The process of programmed cell death.

Tight Adherence

Cellular property that helps cells bond tightly together.

Sedentary Lifestyle

A lifestyle involving little or no physical activity.

Environmental Carcinogens

Substances in the environment that can lead to cancer.

Changes in Bowel and Bladder Habits

Signs of possible neoplasia or cancer.

Sore That Doesn’t Heal

A potential sign of cancer.

Unusual Bleeding

Could indicate underlying health issues, such as cancer.

Indigestion Difficulty

A warning sign that can be associated with neoplasia.

Nagging Cough

A persistent cough that could signal serious health issues.

Anemia

Reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, or hematocrit.

Clinical Indicator

A sign that suggests a possible disease or condition.

Integumentary Manifestations of Anemia

Pallor, coolness, and brittle nails associated with anemia.

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Anemia

Tachycardia and murmurs indicative of anemia severity.

Dyspnea on Exertion

Difficulty breathing that occurs with physical activity.

Sickle Cell Disease

A genetic disorder leading to the production of abnormal hemoglobin.

RBC Transfusions

Used to replace lost red blood cells.

Platelet Transfusions

Given to patients with low platelet counts.

Plasma Transfusions

Used to replace blood volume and clotting factors.

Granulocyte Transfusions

Rarely given to patients with neutropenia.

Transfusion Responsibilities

Protocols for administering blood transfusions safely.

Verify Order

The first step in preparing for a blood transfusion.

Type and Cross Match

Process to ensure compatibility of blood products.

Obtain Consents

Legal requirement before performing a blood transfusion.

Baseline Vital Signs

Measurements taken before starting a transfusion.

Acute Transfusion Reactions

Possible adverse effects that can occur during or after a transfusion.

Febrile Reaction

Fever resulting from a transfusion reaction.

Hemolytic Reaction

Destruction of red blood cells due to transfusion.

Allergic Reaction

Immune response to transfused blood components.

Bacterial Reaction

Infection resulting from contaminated blood transfusion.

Circulatory Overload

Fluid overload caused by transfusion.

Nutrition

The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.

Immunity

The ability of the body to resist infection and disease.

Fatigue

A state of tiredness that can accompany various health issues.

Coping

The process of managing stress and difficulties.

Sexuality

A component of human experience that relates to sexual identity, expression, and health.

Interrelated Concepts

Areas that connect and influence cellular regulation, including nutrition and immunity.