animal bones - identifying features

identify with features

• sloped acromion

• pronounced process

horse scapula

identify with features

• acromion ‘cliff’

• short process

cow scapula

identify with features

• folded spine

• acromion slope

• rounded and pointed edge

pig scapula

identify with features

• acromion cliff

• thin, long neck

• sharp edges

sheep scapula

identify with features

• broad, short neck

• acromion projection towards articulation

• rounded shape

dog scapula

identify with features

• small peaks at proximal end

• spool is ‘parallel’

• deltoid tuberosity

horse humerus

identify with features

• spool is tapered

• large process on proximal end

• sharp edge on spool

cow humerus

identify with features

• straight deltoid edge

• oval-shaped cross-section

• hourglass spool

• hole?

pig humerus

identify with features

• tapered spool

• circular cross-section

• proximal projection like in cow

sheep humerus

identify with features

• hole, always

• projections either side of spool

• spool lacks sharp ridge

dog humerus

identify with features

• ulna fusion

• distal articulation ridges parallel

• ‘bulging’ around bone

horse radius

identify with features (l)

• distal articulation diagonal

• concavity of bone

cow radius

identify with features

• short, broken

• traingular shaft

• ‘bent’ proximal end

horse ulna

identify with features (l)

• proximal end symmetrical

• squared shaft

• unfused shaft (usually)

cow ulna

identify with features

• 2 furrows

• symmetrical proximal articulation

• relatively small distal articulation

pig radius

identify with features

• asymmetrical proximal articulation

• single furrow

• relatively large distal articulation

sheep radius

identify with features

• un-divided articulations

• posterior ridge

dog radius

identify with features

• tall, domed olecranon

• thick, short, triangular shaft

pig ulna

identify with features

• shorter, domed olecranon

• very thin, fragile shaft

sheep ulna

identify with features

• short, bifurcated olecranon

• thick, rounded-triangular shaft

dog ulna

identify with features

• wide acetabular notch

• sharp rim

horse pelvis

identify with features

• narrow acetabular notch

• rounded lip

cow pelvis

identify with features

• wide U-shaped acetabular notch

• recessed socket

dog pelvis

identify with features

• tall, sharp rim

• pronounced ridges

• narrow acetabular notch

pig pelvis

identify with features

• narrow acetabular notch

• rounded lip

sheep pelvis

identify with features

• 3rd trochanter

• deep depression at distal end

• ‘V’ depression in the ‘ball’ joint

• vertical margin

• rounded bulge in distal articulation

horse femur

identify with features

• diagonal margin

• sharper distal articulation

• no third trochanter

cow femur

identify with features

• small lump near distal end

• very short greater trochanter

• distinct waisting around ball joint

• D-shaped cross-section

• wide gap between condyles

dog femur

identify wtih feature

• ‘thumbprint’-like depression at distal end

• lump between ball and greater trochanter

• distinct ball in proximal articulation

• square-ish cross-section

• low-ish, flat topped trochanter

• clear projection in distal articulation

pig femur

identify with features

• tall trochanter

• very small, low, un-waisted ball

• droplet/rounded cross-section

• posterior depression at distal end

sheep femur

identify with features

• obtuse, broad notch

• distinct ridges

• diagonal grooves in distal articulation

horse tibia

identify with features

• narrow, acute notch

• parallel grooves in distal articulation

• fibula projection

cow tibia

identify with features

• small U-shaped notch

• undercut distal articulation (looks cut-off)

• triangular proximal cross-section → oval distal cross-section

• crest

dog tibia

identify with features

• deep V-shaped notch

• small anterior notch

• deep depression on posterior side

pig tibia

identify with features

• Broad U-shaped notch

• rectangular distal articulation

• two extra facets on distalarticulation

sheep tibia

identify with features

• diagonal ridges

• multiple articular facets on the posterior

horse astragalus

identify with features

• vertical ridges

• single posterior articular facet

cow astragalus

identify with features (s)

• vertical ridges

• dice shape

• single posterior articular facet

sheep astragalus

identify with features

• bent/angled shape

• sharper edge

• single posterior articular facets

pig astragalus

identify with features

• offcut/triangular shape

• 2 posterior articular facets

dog astragalus

identify with features

• 2 articular facets

• short, stubby projection

horse calcaneus

identify with features (L)

• bulbous projection

• single articular facet

• poined projection

cow calcaneus

identify with features

• medial process extends to edge

• single articular facet

• pointed projection

sheep calcaneus

identify wtih features

• gap between medial process and edge

• depression

• pointed process

• single articular facet

pig calcaneus

identify with features

• squared projection

• two articular facets

• concave top

dog calcaneus

identify with features

• single condyle

• roughly D-shaped

• may have splint bones

horse metacarpal

identify with features

• single condyle

• roughly circular

• U-shaped articulation

horse metatarsal

identify with features

• 2 condyles

• roughly D-shaped

cow metacarpal

identify with features (l)

• 2 condyles

• fairly rounded

• deep, broad furrow

cow metatarsal

identify with features (s)

• flat edges, no posterior projection

• one condyle, ridge all the way round

pig metacarpals

identify with features

• posterior projection

• single condyle, ridge all the way round

pig metatarsals

identify with features

• single condyle

• one-sided ridge on condyle

dog metapodials

identify with features

• symmetrical, broad and shallow

• longer, cylindrical

• both articulations are grooves

horse proximal phalanx

identify with features

• asymmetrical, leans to one side

• narrow, deeper

• long-ish and relatively cylindrical

• articulation is a groove

cow proximal phalanx

identify with features

• broad, shallow and symmetrical

• ridge, not groove

• shorter, stubbier

horse intermediate phalanx

identify with features

• asymmetrical, side-leaning

• narrow and deep

• ridge, not groove

• shorter

cow intermediate phalanx

identify with features

• semi-circle shape

horse distal phalanx

identify with features

• roughly triangular-ish

cow distal phalanx

identify with features

• groove through whole articulation

• clear notch at groove

• 2 extra little facets

• distal articulation almost triangular

• symmetrical

sheep proximal phalanx

identify with features

• groove articulation

• no notch, staight-ish edge

• broad distal articulation - almost rectangular

pig proximal phalanx

identify with features

• one proximal facet

• very slight groove

dog proximal phalanx

identify with features

• asymmetrical

• ridge

• distal end roughly rectangular

• undercut

sheep intermediate phalanx

identify with features

• asymmetrical

• ridge

• distal end heart-shaped

• not undercut

pig intermediate phalanx

identify with features

• symmetrical articulations

• ridge

dog intermediate phalanx

idenify with features

• hoof

• articulation extends posteriorly

• curved + bumpy

• right angle, stands upright

sheep distal phalanx

identify with features

• hoof

• straigh slope

• obtuse angle, leans inwards

• undercut at posterior

pig distal phalanx

identify with features

• claw

dog distal phalanx