Animal nutirition - diet

Balanced diet

A diet that contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportions to maintain good health.

Carbohydrates

Simple sugars (glucose,frutose, sucrose) and complex sugars (cellulose and starch).

What are some sources of carbohydrates?

Fruit, starchy vegetables, ceral grains, sugar

Importance of carbohydrates

Provides energy

Fat and oils

Made from fatty acids and glycerol

What are some sources of fat and oils?

Egg yolk, butter, cream

Importance of fats and oils

Energy provision, storage, insulation

Protein

Amino acids

Sources of protein

Meat, eggs, dairy products

Importance of protein

Growth and repair of cells and tissues

Sources of vitamin D

Citrus fruits

Importance of Vitamin C

Use to make collagen (skin, connective tissue) strength gums

What is scurvy?

Lack of vitamin C - improper formation of collagem, swollen bleeding gums, loss of teeth

Sources of Vitamin D

Sunlgiht, fish oils, dairy

Importance of vitamin D

Enables absorption of calcium and phosphrous in the gut

Rickets

Bones lacking vitamin D, legs deform for children

Minerals (iron) sources

Meat, eggs, nuts

Importance of minerals

Needed for formation of haemolglobin

Anaemia

Reduced blood conc, cells deprived of oxgyen, causes symptoms like tiredness, weakness and irritability

Minerals (calcium) sources

Dairy products

Importance of minerals (calcium)

Blood clotting, formation of bone

Mineral (calcium) defiency causes

Rickets in children, reduced bone density, muscle cramps

Fibre sources

Fruit, veges, whole grains

Importance of fibre

Increases contents of large intestine, soften faeces, reduces transit time

Water’s role as a solvent

Transport, digestion, excretion and absorption