hitlers rise to power

Why was Hitler not fully secure as Chancellor in January 1933?

Hindenburg could dismiss him, and he lacked full support from the army and Reichstag.

Who was blamed for the Reichstag Fire?

Marinus van der Lubbe (a Dutch Communist).

What did the Decree for the Protection of People and State do?

Suspended civil rights (speech, assembly, privacy) and allowed arrest without trial.

Why was the Reichstag Fire important?

It allowed Hitler to target Communists, arrest opponents, and reduce opposition.

What percentage did the Nazis win in the March 1933 election?

44%.

Why was 44% significant?

It was not a majority, so Hitler still needed other methods to gain full power.

Name two methods Nazis used in the March 1933 election.

Terror (SA intimidation) and propaganda.

What did the Enabling Act allow Hitler to do?

Pass laws without the Reichstag for 4 years.

Why was the Enabling Act important?

It ended democracy and allowed Hitler to rule as a dictator.

How did Hitler secure support for the Enabling Act?

Made a deal with the Catholic Centre Party and used intimidation.

What does Gleichschaltung mean?

“Coordination” – bringing all aspects of Germany under Nazi control.

What happened to trade unions in 1933?

They were banned and replaced with the German Labour Front.

What happened to other political parties by July 1933?

All were banned except the Nazi Party.

Why was Ernst Röhm a threat to Hitler?

He wanted to merge the army and SA, threatening army support.

What was the Night of the Long Knives?

A purge in 1934 where Hitler killed Röhm and other opponents.

How did the Night of the Long Knives strengthen Hitler?

Removed threats and gained army support.

What happened when Hindenburg died in 1934?

Hitler merged President and Chancellor roles to become Führer.

Why was Hindenburg’s death the final step?

Hitler became head of state and the army swore loyalty to him.