Criminal Justice Exam #3

A juvenile is charged with stealing a motorboat. If this case were to be waived to the adult court by the district attorney, this juvenile would receive which type of waiver?

prosecutorial

A juvenile murders his parents in a state that automatically waives this offense to adult court. What type of waiver is this juvenile receiving?

legislative

Charlotte’s teacher notified the police because she noticed bruises on Charlotte’s arms. Charlotte has also mentioned that her house is dirty and has cockroaches and rats. As a result, what process will Charlotte likely have to go through?

dependency

In dependency cases, which of the following situations can take place?

Children can live with another family member or group home as the parents work with social services.

Jordan is a 17-year-old who has committed many serious violent crimes. It seems as though he is unable to be rehabilitated after many attempts in the juvenile system. He has recently assaulted his mother, and she has incurred serious injuries from the assault. What is likely to happen to Jordan?

Waived to adult court.

Judge Spina decides that the resources in the juvenile court can no longer benefit 17 year old Thomas. Thomas has a long history of substance abuse and delinquency cases. Therefore, Thomas is waived to adult court. What type of waiver is this an example of?

judicial

Officer Aguado has arrested Colby multiple times for truancy. What can Officer Aguado do that has the greatest potential for change in Colby’s life?

Refer him to the juvenile court.

In ______, the Supreme Court determined that age was an important factor when deciding if a juvenile should be given the death penalty.

Thompson v. Oklahoma

In order to have a juvenile case waived to the adult court, the court has to determine whether the juvenile meets which of the following proscribed characteristics?

probable cause for the offense

True or False: The juvenile justice process involves three stages: intake, adjudication, and disposition.

True

Asher is a high school junior who has been skipping school to smoke weed and drink with his friends. He also has a history of anxiety and depression. The best path for Asher would most likely be ______.

a diversion program

Ian was incarcerated in a state prison. He served eight years of a 10 year sentence. However, he was released early and is serving the last two years in the community. Ian is completing his sentence via ______.

parole

True or False: If Carla is in a program that allows her to leave the facility during the day to go to work, while requiring her to remain in jail during the evenings and weekends, she is in a day-reporting center.

false

Maria works with incarcerated persons and prison personnel to help incarcerated persons transition from prison life to community supervision. What is Maria’s job title?

Parole officer

Tony is on probation and has had three technical violations. What would a judge most likely conclude about Tony?

Reform is not a priority for tony

True or False: Upon release from prison, Tim was sent to a place designed to provide transitional living arrangements for people upon their release from prison. He is in a day reporting center.

False

You are a member of a parole board. You have been told that you need to grant parole to some incarcerated persons due to overcrowding. A person who committed ______ would be best to release early.

larceny

You are a member of the parole board. You would most likely grant parole to an incarcerated person who ______.

Seems remorseful and has a job lined up upon release

You are a new probation officer and just received your caseload of clients. Where should you look to find the outline for supervision and treatment planning for your probationers?

presentence investigation report

______ is a form of sanction that requires that people remain in their homes instead of jail or prison.

House arrest

A Black man was wrongfully convicted of raping and killing a white woman in the 1990s. After spending nearly 30 years in prison, he was exonerated. His lawyer said that the reason he was exonerated is one that is most common in other exonerations. Why was he likely exonerated?

He was misidentified by a witness.

A man housed in a minimum-security prison managed to have a drone fly in drugs to the prison rec yard. This is an example of ______.

prison misconduct

A person is being classified into a facility. They have had four prior arrests, starting at age 15, one of which was for rape, and are a member of a gang. Which of these is a dynamic risk factor?

gang involvement

A woman who is incarcerated most likely committed which crime?

possession of fentanyl

An incarcerated individual with terminal cancer reports that treatment is being withheld from them. They believe it is because they are gay. This type of treatment was found unconstitutional in which Supreme Court case?

Estelle v. Gamble

An officer in the U.S. Marines was convicted of aggravated assault on another officer. In which type of facility will this individual serve their sentence?

military

Charlie was convicted of tax evasion. Which type of prison will he most likely be housed in?

federal

Correctional officers at a facility tried to prevent an incarcerated Catholic woman from attending mass. She filed a grievance. She was justified in insisting on exercising her religious rights based on which Supreme Court case?

Cooper v. Pate

Kenny will be released from prison in six months. He has been successful in completing a five year sentence and is being moved to a new facility prior to his full release. This is the type of facility that most prisons in the U.S. are classified into. Kenny will be moving to a ______ security prison.

minimum

You are a prison administrator and have noticed increased levels of prison rape. Incarcerated individuals complain that they are afraid of being sexually assaulted. Your prison is experiencing ______.

sexual misconduct

A family lives and works on a Colombian farm, cultivating a plant that will be processed into an illegal drug for international trafficking. They are most likely involved in cultivation of which illicit drug?

cocaine

A group of English Catholics attempted the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 to assassinate Protestant King James I and blow up the English seat of government. This is an example of ——— terrorism.

religious

An Instagram influencer uses a drone to take pictures of herself in unusual and daring places. She is paid by advertisers. This usage would fall under the regulations for ______ operations.

civil

An man shot a woman walking into a women’s health clinic in the American South. The man stated that he did it because he was anti-abortion. This is an example of ______ terrorism.

domestic

Groups of people who are anti-immigrant across the United States are complaining about the number of undocumented immigrants in their neighborhoods who are supposedly taking their jobs. Which country would you expect most of these undocumented immigrants to have come from?

Mexico

Individuals based in North Korea impersonate tech workers to steal money. The money has been used to fund the country’s ballistic missiles program. What type of terrorism is this?

cyber

Iran uses the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to support terrorist organizations. This is an example of ______ terrorism.

state-sponsored

The police have intelligence that a group of gang members will discuss a large drug trafficking operation at an outdoor graduation party. The department wants to use a drone to observe this event. What should they do?

obtain a warrant for surveillance

T/F Human trafficking is the largest criminal enterprise in the world

False

The bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 is an example of ______ terrorism.

international

What is house arrest?

A sanction that requires that criminally convicted individuals remain in their homes in lieu of jail or prison

What is probation revocation?

Court hearing to potentially end probation and resentence an individual probationer; takes place if the person violates the terms and conditions of their probation or commits a new crime. Persons who revocation is sought after receive due process protections

What is pretrail detention?

Correctional practice that occurs when an individual who is arrested either is denied bail or is financially unable to make bail and must remain in custody until cases is resolved or their status changes with the court

What is community corrections

Collection of programs that work with two distinct populations: those who have been sentenced for a crime and those who have been charged with offenses and are waiting for their cases to be resolved by the criminal justice system

What is probation?

Form of punishment involving the supervision of criminal justice-involved persons in the community in lieu of incarceration

What is parole?

Early release based on the behavior of the incarcerated person. Provides supervision and a system of accountability for a period of time once they are released from prison

What is intermediate sanctions?

A category of interventions between probation and incarceration

What is dependency cases?

Refers to cases that involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents and therefore are being removed from the parents’ custody

What is parens patriae?

Legal doctrine that translates to ‘the best interests of the child.’ It was used to justify removing youth from their families and placing them under the care of institutions

What is boot camp?

A form of short-term intervention modeled after military-style basic-training programs

What are status offenses?

Refers to acts that are considered illegal for only certain groups of perpetrators based on their age

What is legal custody?

 legal status in which the court is now responsible for all the decisions made about the child

What is physical custody?

When a youth is sent to live in a temporary home, such as a group home, with a foster family, or with another family member

What is pauperism?

Belief that certain classes of the poor were dishonest, lazy and manipulative individuals

What is dissident terrorism?

Acts of terrorism that are committed by nonstate groups against governments, religious entities, and citizens

What is state-sponsored terrorism?

Acts of terrorism that are ordered by government officials

What is Religious terrorism?

Refers to terrorist acts that are based on one’s religious belief system. Over the past several decades, computers have become an integral part of daily life

What is cyber terrorism?

Acts of terrorism that involve premeditated, politically motivated attacks against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data

What is domestic terrorism?

Acts of terrorism that occurs within the jurisdiction of the United States

What is transnational crime?

Acts that (1) occur across the boundaries of different countries, (2) involve migration between borders as part of the criminal activity, (3) take place in one country but involve a group that engages in similar activity in several regions, or (4) take place in one country but have a significant effect on another region.

Define Human trafficking

Involves the abduction of individuals for the purposes of exploitation and profit

What is terrorism?

A crime that involves acts of violence with the goal of instilling fear

What is border control?

Refers to the efforts that a country takes to regulate and maintain its borders

What is a T visa

A document issued to allow the legal entry of human trafficking victims into the United States

What is debt bondage?

A form of human trafficking that requires victims to pay off a debt through labor

Define forced labor

Form of human trafficking that involves immigrants and migrant workers who are in need of employment

What is sex trafficking?

Victims of sex trafficking are required to participate in acts of prostitution and other forms of sexual slavery

What is organized crime?

One of the most common forms of transnational crime, it involves the coordinated efforts of individuals for the primary purpose of engaging in criminal activity, often related to acts of financial gain