Cognition and Emotion Chapter 12

What is a frequency estimate?

An essential step in judgement, in which someone makes an assessment of how often they have expereienced or encountered a particular object or event

What is judgement?

The process through which people draw conclusions from the evidence they encounter

What is an attribute substitution?

A commonly used strategy in which a person needs on type of information but relies instead on a more accessible form of information

When does attribution substitution work well?

If the more accessible form of information is well correlated with the desired information

What is an example of attribution substitution?

The case in which someone needs information about how frequent an event is in the world and relies instead on how easily they can think of examples of the event

What is an availability heuristic?

A particular form of attribution substitution in which the person sees to judge the frequency of a certain type of object or the likelihood of a certain type of event

For what purpose is a person likely to do from availability heuristic?

To assess the ease with which examples of the object or event come to mind, this availability of examples is then used as an index of frequency or likelihood

What is a representative heuristic?

A strategy that is often used in making judgements about categories

What is the representative heuristic broadly equivalent to?

Making the assumption that, in general, the instances of a category with resemble the prototype for that category and, likewise, that prototype resembles each instance

What is a heuristic?

A strategy that is reasonably efficient and works most of the time

What is a person doing when using a heuristic?

The person is choosing to accept some risk of error in order to gain efficiency

What is an algorithm?

A slow, and thurough process that garautees that right anser but requires a lot of resources