Chemical Changes and Reactions

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to chemical changes and reactions based on lecture notes.

Chemical Change

A permanent change where the chemical composition of a substance is altered, resulting in new substances.

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction where heat is evolved.

Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction where heat is absorbed.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The principle stating that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction.

Reactants

Substances that undergo a chemical change during a reaction.

Products

New substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Chemical Bond

The force that holds atoms together in a molecule.

Double Displacement Reaction

A type of reaction where two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.

Chemical Reaction Conditions

Specific requirements such as mixing, heating, or pressure needed for a chemical reaction to occur.

Photochemical Reactions

Chemical reactions that occur upon the absorption of light.

Electrochemical Reactions

Reactions that occur when electricity is passed through reactants.

Catalyst

A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Promoter

A substance that enhances the efficiency of a catalyst.

Negative Catalyst

A substance that slows down the rate of a chemical reaction.

Precipitate

An insoluble solid formed from a chemical reaction in solution.

Effervescence

The formation of gas bubbles in a liquid during a chemical reaction.

Chemical Change Characteristics

Features that indicate a chemical change, like formation of new substances, change in color, evolution of gas, etc.

Pressure in Reactions

Some reactions occur only under high pressure conditions.

Sound Energy Absorption

Certain reactions can proceed by absorbing sound energy.

Temperature Change in Reactions

Chemical reactions can either release heat (exothermic) or absorb heat (endothermic).

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction where one substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

Combustion Reaction

A reaction involving oxygen that produces heat and light.

Ionic Reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons and ions.

Activation Energy

The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

Hydrolysis Reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water.

Synthesis Reaction

A reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

Chromatography

A technique for separating mixtures into their constituent components.