Exam 2 Study Guide: Atmospheric Chemistry and Molecular Bonding

Flashcards covering key topics for Exam 2, including atmospheric chemistry, electromagnetic radiation properties, and molecular bonding principles.

Carbon dioxide

A primary example of a greenhouse gas ($CO_2$) found in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases

Atmospheric gases, including carbon dioxide, that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Ozone

A molecule with the chemical composition $O_3$ that plays a critical role in the atmosphere and is associated with the 'ozone hole'.

Atmospheric pollutants

Substances characterized by their identity and classes that have specific effects on the atmosphere.

Electromagnetic radiation relationships

The physical connections between energy ($E$), frequency ($\nu$), and wavelength ($\lambda$), where $E$ is proportional to $\nu$ and $\nu$ is inversely proportional to $\lambda$.

Visible and Ultraviolet frequencies

Specific parts of the electromagnetic spectrum known for their distinct interactions with matter.

Ions

Atoms that have a different number of subatomic particles (specifically electrons) compared to their parent atom.

Ionic bonds

A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent bonds

A type of chemical bond involving the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Intermolecular forces

Forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles, such as hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen bonding

A specific type of intermolecular force mentioned as a key property to review for molecular interactions.

Ionic compounds

Chemical compounds composed of ions held together by ionic bonding; requires the ability to identify them and write their chemical formulas.

Molecular compounds

Chemical compounds where atoms are linked by covalent bonds.

Lewis structures

Diagrams used to show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons, specifically for simple molecules with one center atom.

Molecular shapes

The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule, specifically studied for simple molecules with one center atom.