Introduction to Microbial Catalysts

These flashcards summarize key vocabulary and concepts related to microorganisms and their use in bioprocessing.

Microorganisms

Any microscopic organism, including bacteria, yeast, protozoa, and microalgae.

Biocatalysts

Microbial metabolism used to convert less valuable raw materials into useful products.

Metabolic engineering

The process of directing metabolism in microbes for useful purposes.

Extracellular enzymes

Enzymes released outside the microbial cell to access resources in the external environment.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells without a true membrane-bound nucleus, generally smaller and simpler in structure.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and complex internal structures.

Peptidoglycan

A complex polymer that constitutes the main component of bacterial cell walls.

Gram stain test

A differential staining method used to classify bacteria as Gram positive or Gram negative.

pH controller

A device used in fermenters to maintain the desired pH level during microbial growth.

Plasmids

Small, circular pieces of DNA that replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria.

Omics

Analytical techniques, such as genomics and proteomics, for detailed study of biological processes.