Urine Sediments/ cellular elements

in what conditions do cellular elements tend to lyse in urine?

dilute (hypotonic) or alkaline urines ( can degrade or change elements)

squamous epithelial cells originate from the superficial lining or the urethra and the vagina, is this clinically significant if found in urine?

usually not since it is normal to sloth off , especially during collection, BUT significant numbers are associated with a UTI

spheroid shape transitional cells that come from the transitional epithelial lining of the renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra are found in a urine sample. Is this clinically significant?

a few seen may be normal, but it is more pathological than squamous, since these cells are coming up from the ureters, BUT elevated amounts could mean a UTI and large clumps could mean carcinoma

Coarsly granular apperaing cytomlasm renal tubular cells orignicate from the proxiam and DTC up in the nephron. Is presence of these in a urine sample clinically significant?

yes- could mean kidney infection, heavy metal toxicity, or acute tubular necrosis

renal tubular cells or white blood cells can sometimes absorb lipids if lipids seep into the urine- oval fat bodies. oval fat bodies can appera looking like a maltese cross with polarized light. If these are seen in a urine, is that clinically significant?

YES! can be seen in lipid nephrosis and terminal kidney disease

when you think of gardneralla vaginosis, think….

clue cells

squamous epithelial cells covered with coccobacilli is likey a “——” from the bacteria “—-”

cule cell from gardnella vaginosis

how may red cells are average to see in a normal urine per HPF?

0-5

ghost cells

empty RBC membranes→ lysis is alkaline or dilute urine

if youa rent sure if you have RBC or oil droplets or yeast, what could you add to the smaple to make the RBC lyse and confirm you have RBC?

add glacial acetic acid

an increase in urine RBC may be associated with…

Kidney issues -renal disease, lupus nephritis, kidney stones, tumors

Lower Urinary tract issues- urinary tract disease, acute and chronoic ifnection, tumors

• acute appendicitis

what is a normal amount of WBC we can see per HPF in urine?

0-8

how can we have a negative leukocyte esterase but a positive WBC count?

lymphs don't produce LE