A&P 1: Unit 1 Review

Anatomy

Scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure, such as the size and shape of a bone

Physiology

Scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

Gross

Structures studied without a microscope

Regional

Studied area by area

Systemic

Studied system by system

Surface

External form used to visualize deeper structures

Cytology

Cellular anatomy

Histology

Study of tissues

Anatomical anomaly (abnormal)

Physical characteristic that differs from the normal pattern

Cell physiology

Examines processes in cells

Systemic physiology

Functions of organ systems

Neurophysiology

Focuses on nervous system

Cardiovascular physiology

The heart and blood vessels

Pathology (not working correctly)

Structural and functional changes caused by disease

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy = structure and physiology = functioning and process

What is pathology?

Something not working correctly in the body; usually caused by disease

How many organ systems are in the body?

11

Integumentary System

Provides protection, regulates temp., prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D

What does the integumentary system include?

Skin, nails, hair, and sweat glands

Skeletal system

Provides protection and support, allows body movement • produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat

What does the skeletal system include?

Bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints

muscular system

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat

What does the muscular system include?

Muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons

Nervous system

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes (communication), and intellectual functions

What does the nervous system include?

The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

Endocrine system

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, , and many other functions

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Glands, such as the pituitary, that secrete hormones

Cardiovascular system

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and regulation of body temperature

What does the cardiovascular system include?

The heart, blood vessels, and blood

Lymphatic system

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs

Respiratory system

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH

What does the respiratory system consist of?

The lungs and respiratory passages

Digestive system

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes

What does the digestive system consist of?

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs

Urinary system

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance

What does the urinary system include?

The kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine

Female Reproductive System

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for newborns; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors

What does the female reproductive system consist of?

Ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and associated structures

Male Reproductive System

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors

What does the male reproductive system consist of?

Testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis

Describe the physiology of the heart

Move blood through the body