Geology Test I
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104 Terms
Science is a way of knowing of natural phenomena:
True
Which of the following can we study scientifically?
Dinosaurs
Science is based on which of the following?
Observation, identification, description, and experimental investigation
What does science generally require?
An organized body of knowledge
The world “science” comes from the Latin word “sciential,” which means:
Knowledge
What does the meaning of science imply about learning?
We must learn specific terms and jargons
The beginning of science was approximately how many YEARS ago?
5000
When was the beginning of science?
3000 BC
Who are the earliest scientists?
Ancient Egyptians
Which of the following fields was not an area of study for the ancient Egyptians?
Philosophy
Who was Aristotle, active around 384 BC - 322 BC?
An Ancient Greek Philosopher
What are the 4 key elements?
Air, Fire, Water, Earth
As time has gone on, we have accumulated knowledge.
True
Science often seeks _____ for natural phenomena.
Theoretical explanations
What is another term for “theoretical explanation”?
Scientific hypothesis
“ripple marks” are typically found in:
Shallow water
What is the essence of the scientific method?
A way of thinking
The scientific method aims to establish:
Theoretical explanations and natural laws
Which event is associated with the year 1543?
The Copernican Revolution
1543 marked the beginning of what?
The scientific revolution
Who is the earliest innovator of the scientific method?
Galileo Galilei
Galileo lived during which historical period?
The Renaissance
What was developed by Galileo?
The telescope
When was modern geology:
Since the 1600s
Science likely started about 2000 years ago
False
The '“modern geology” started after the “scientific revolution”
True
Science can always tell the truth
False
What does “Evolution” mean?
Changing through time
What is the primary definition of geology?
A science dealing with the history of the Earth and its life, particularly as recorded in rocks
The word “geology” is derived from greek words which mean:
“Earth” and “study”
Which of the following is not a component of earths system?
Exosphere
What does “Lithosphere (+internal structure) suggest about the lithosphere?
It includes the Earths internal structure
What is the primary benefit to studying geology?
It provides a way to reduce natural disasters
What was the dominant theory about the earths shape in the past?
Flat Earth Theory
The Earth forms due to the Earths structure
True
How old is the Earth?
4.6 BYA
Nicolas Steno lived during which period?
1638-1686
Fossils are the direct evidence of life in the past
True
What is the study of ancient life using fossils called?
Paleontology
Approximately when did the study of paleontology begin?
1700s
Who was the founder of modern geology?
James Hutton
What was the main questions early geologists trying to solve in the 18th century ?
Age of the Earth
Today Geologist only study the earth:
False
What are the 2 primary sources of information used to study Earth and life histories?
Rocks and Fossils
The study of rocks as a source of historical data is known as:
Lithostratigraphy
What are the 2 main types of data sources for numerical data for absolute age?
Radiometric dating and Paleomagnetism
What is radioactive decay also known as?
Nuclear Decay
Radioactive decay involves a change in the ___ of radioactive elements over time.
Atomic Mass
The atomic mass # of an atom is calculated by adding the number of :
Protons and Neutrons
What is paleomagnetism?
The study of the record of the earth’s magnetic field in rocks (igneous and some sedimentary)
Who is the pioneer of paleomagnetism?
Harry H Hess
What ages of rocks are in Tuscaloosa?
Paleozoic and Mesozoic
What is the oldest period in the geologic time scale?
Paleozoic
What is the best data source for estimating the age of earth?
Rocks
The fossil record indicates dinosaurs lived in the Precambrian.
False
Rock layers can provide ‘absolute age’ of the rocks.
False
Radioactive decay can give us data of ‘absolute age’ for then geologic time scale.
True