G11 1S FT ORALCOMM: Speech Styles (based on directness & level of formality)

Topic

Audience

Purpose

Speech styles vary from...

- directness

- level of formality

2 Categories of Speech style, based on...

- Passive

- Aggressive

- Passive-Aggressive

- Assertive

4 Types of Speech Styles based on directness

Passive

- observer/listener type

- introverted type

- can't express one's thoughts properly

- yields and prioritizes others easily

- no hidden message

Aggressive

- direct in expressing needs

- maintains strong eye contact

- controls/dominates others

- commanding

- asks questions rudely

- not a good listener

Passive-Aggressive

- usually double-faced

- sarcastic at most

- passive externally, but aggressive internally

- has envy, leads to seething/acting out indirectly

- hidden messages

Assertive

- most effective type of speech style

- open communication without being overbearing

- can express his/her thoughts easily w/o hurting others' feelings

- excellent listener and speaker

- Intimate

- Casual

- Consultative

- Formal

- Frozen

5 Types of Speech Styles based on level of formality

Intimate

- most informal

- a style among intimate members

- correct grammar & clear articulation is not needed

- heart-to-heart talks

- ex. chats, calls, texts, among family members, close friends, or loved ones

Casual

- most common

- used among acquaintances and/or coworkers

- jargon, slang, and vernacular language is used

- conversations wherein you can't always put out your emotions

- ex. talking about the day, weather, politics, and the like, and chatting with acquaintances

Consultative

- in between formal & informal

- standard language

- best for business & professional purposes

- usually involves turn-talking q&a

- mostly for business or academics

- ex. group discussions, teacher to student, talking to a stranger, expert-apprentice, work colleagues communication, employer to employee

Formal

- used in formal settings

- one-way talking speaker focuse)

- ex. for formal corporate meetings, seminars, conferences, speeches, presentations, classes, and interviews

Frozen

- most formal

- scripted

- ritualistic (done habitually)

- (ex. used in state ceremonies, court proceedings, religious rituals, presidential speeches, anthems, creeds, The Lord's prayer, songs, musicals, and poems)