5.3 Industrial Revolution Begins - AP World

Agricultural Revolution

This resulted in more productivity. Crop rotation for rotating crops each year and the seed drill for placing seeds increased food production. Potatoes also facilitated population growth

Preindustrial Societies

Societies meaning the beginning of it all in Britain. At first, they were living in rural areas, and the cotton available to them from India became high in demand. They developed the cottage industry to gather cotton for export

The Spinning Jenny

Invented by James Hargreaves, this allowed a weaver to spin more than one thread. Used for cotton industry and increased productivity

Water Frame

Invented by Richard Arkwright, this used water power to drive the spinning Jenny. It doomed the household textile cottage industry, and Arkwright became the father of the factory system because of this

Interchangeable Parts

Invented by Eli Whitney, these were for manufacturing firearms for U.S military. It was adopted by entrepreneurs and led to division of labor. This meant one worker had to work on one interchangeable part, another on another, etc.

Raw Materials

Britain central-piece for exportation, since it was located where it had many seaways on the Atlantic Ocean

Coal

Since Britain was located atop these mineral deposits, they were highly abundant. It was used for the steam engine as an energy source. It became major industry of N and W Britain and some in the U.S.

Strong Fleets

These were what Britain possessed in ships for defense and trade. They bought agricultural products for Britain to make for consumers

Enclosure Movement

This was where the government ended the custom of farmers being able to cultivate land, since those who bought the land should only decide what to do with it. Because of this, farmers moved to urban areas for newer industries