Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation is how cells convert the chemical energy in food to __________.

ATP

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and __________ is reduced to water.

oxygen

LEO

Lose, Electrons, Oxidize

GER

Gain, Electrons, Reduced

Glycolysis breaks glucose into __________ molecules.

2 pyruvate

Acetyl-CoA is formed during the __________ phase of cellular respiration.

Pyruvate Oxidation

The main products of the Citric Acid Cycle are __________, __________, __________, and __________.

2 CO₂, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂

ATP is generated in the last phase called __________ Phosphorylation.

Oxidative

In the Electron Transport Chain, electrons are passed from complex to complex, ultimately being accepted by __________.

oxygen

The process of ATP production driven by the concentration of H+ ions across the membrane is called __________.

Chemiosmosis

The production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis is referred to as __________ phosphorylation.

oxidative

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs when a phosphate is transferred from a substrate to __________.

ADP

During glycolysis, 2 ATP are invested and __________ molecules are produced net.

2 ATP

Alcohol fermentation converts pyruvate to __________.

ethanol

Lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvate to __________.

lactate

Pyruvate is turned into CO₂ by the removal of a _____.

Carboxyl group

First phase

Glycolysis (in cytosol)

In Glycolysis, ____, _____, and ____ go in.

• Glucose

• 2 ATP

• 2 NAD+

In Glycolysis, ____, _____, and ____ come out.

• 4 ATP (2 net ATP)

• 2 pyruvate molecules (go to mitochondrial matrix)

• 2 NADH ( go to ETC)

Second Phase

Pyruvate Oxidation (mitochondrial matrix)

In pyruvate oxidation ____,____, and ____ go in.

• 2 pyruvates

• 2 Coenzyme A

• 2 NAD+In pyruvate oxidation ____,____, and ____ go in.

In pyruvate oxidation ____,____, and ____ come out.

• 2 Acetyl-CoA (CAC)

• 2 NADH (ETC)

• 2 CO₂ (exhaled)

Third Phase

Citric Acid Cycle/CAC (Imitochondrial matrix)

In CAC ____,____, and ____ go in.

• 1 Acetyl-CoA

• 3 NAD+

• 1 FAD

PER GLUCOSE MOLECULE

In CAC ____,____, and ____ come out.

• 3 NADH (ETC)

• 1 FADH₂ (ETC)

• 1 ATP

• 2 CO₂ (ehxaled)

• PER GLUCOSE MOLECULE

Fourth phase

Oxidative Phosphorylation

In Oxidative Phosphorylation ____,____, and ____ go in per molecule of glucose.

• 10 NADH

• 2 FAD₂

• O₂

Comes out of Oxidative Phosphorylation

• 26-28 ATP

• Water

In prokaryotes, ETC takes place in ____.

Plasma membrane

In eukaryotes, ETC takes place in ____.

Mitochondrial inner membrane

Cellular respiration: anabolic or catabolic?

Catabolic; breaks bonds