Purifying Organic Compounds

How can you separate insoluble liquids?

Use a separating funnel

Give the 3 step method of separation for water soluble impurities?

1. Pour the product into a separating funnel and add water

2. Shake the funnel and allow it to settle, the organic layer and the aq layer are immiscible- so separates out into 2 distinct layers

3. Open the tap and run the layers to beakers

If both product + impurities are water soluble what do we do?

Solvent extraction - Add an organic solvent in which the product is more soluble and repeat the separating process, where the product dissolves in the organic solvent - so that the impurities is in water.

How do we remove water from a pure sample?

• 3 steps

• Agent used

1. Add a drying agent (sulfates or CaCl₂)

2. Add till excess, such that when swirled it evenly disperses

3. Place a filter paper in a funnel to remove drying agent and leave the product

What is distillation?

Separation of volatile substances

Recrystallisation in bookley