SCOTUS to memorize

Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review, reinforcing Article III and the Supremacy Clause.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause; states cannot tax the federal government due to the Supremacy Clause.

Schenck v. United States

Speech creating a 'clear and present danger' is not protected under the First Amendment – Freedom of Speech.

Brown v. Board of Education

Racial segregation in public schools violates the 14th Amendment – Equal Protection Clause.

Baker v. Carr

Courts can review redistricting cases; enforced 'one person, one vote' under the 14th Amendment – Equal Protection Clause.

Engel v. Vitale

State-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the First Amendment – Establishment Clause.

Gideon v. Wainwright

The 6th Amendment right to counsel applies to state courts through the 14th Amendment – Selective Incorporation.

Tinker v. Des Moines

Students retain First Amendment – Freedom of Speech rights in school, including symbolic speech.

New York Times v. United States

Government cannot exercise prior restraint on the press; protected under the First Amendment – Freedom of the Press.

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Compulsory school laws violated the First Amendment – Free Exercise Clause when applied to Amish families.

Shaw v. Reno

Racial gerrymandering violates the 14th Amendment – Equal Protection Clause.

United States v. Lopez

The Commerce Clause does not grant Congress the power to regulate guns in school zones; supports 10th Amendment – state powers.

McDonald v. Chicago

The 2nd Amendment right to bear arms is incorporated to the states via the 14th Amendment – Selective Incorporation.

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

Corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited under the First Amendment – Freedom of Speech.