Human Intelligence Lecture Notes

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental concepts, theories, and assessment methods of human intelligence as discussed in the lecture.

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Reification

An error involving viewing an abstract concept as if it were a concrete thing.

Binet's Mental Age

The chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance.

Stanford-Binet

The American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test, adapted by Lewis Terman for wider use in the U.S.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A term derived by William Stern; modernly, it represents a test taker's performance relative to the average performance of others of the same age.

Average IQ Score

A score of $100$, with approximately 2/3 of the population scoring between $85$ and $115$.

WAIS-IV

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, which is divided into four indices: Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, Verbal Reasoning, and Processing Speed.

Flynn Effect

The observed phenomenon of rising average intelligence test performance over time.

Aptitude Test

A test designed to predict a person's future performance or their capacity to learn.

Achievement Test

A test designed to reflect what a person has already learned.

General Intelligence (g)

A factor that Charles Spearman believed underlies all specific mental abilities.

Seven Clusters of Primary Mental Abilities

Identified by Louis Thurstone, these include word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory.

Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner's theory that intelligence consists of eight or nine relatively independent abilities.

Savant Syndrome

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill.

Triarchic Theory

Robert Sternberg's theory of three intelligences: Analytical (school smarts), Creative (trailblazing smarts), and Practical (street smarts).

Emotional Intelligence

Consists of four abilities: perceiving, understanding, expressing, and regulating emotions.

Crystallized Intelligence

Accumulated knowledge reflected in vocabulary and word tests, which increases up to old age.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to reason speedily and abstractly, which decreases starting in the $20$'s and $30$'s.

Intellectual Disability

A developmental condition apparent before age $18$ characterized by an IQ score of $70$ or below and difficulty adapting to independent living.

Down Syndrome

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability caused by an extra copy of chromosome $21$.

Academic Tracking

The process of placing students in separate classes with others who share a similar aptitude score.

Growth Mindset

The belief that intelligence is changeable, fostering a focus on learning and growing.

Grit

Perseverance and interest or passion for long-term goals.