Foundations of Kinesiology & Health Final Exam Rutgers

Prior to the invention of written language, dance was an important method of passing on stories from generation to generation

True

Recreation is an activity of leisure defined as discretionary time

True

"Long term effects" are present and measurable only while the exercise is taking place

False

"Biomechanics" is defined as the study of movement

False

Environmental factors are one of the main research topics for Exercise Physiologists

True

Exercise Physiology is the study of the effects of exercise on the body.

True

When a person is learning basic, simple survival motor skills for the first time, they are in the "adolescent" stage of development.

False

An example of a closed skill would be defending a soccer player during a soccer game.

False

Internal motivation is conducive to long term commitment and engagement.

True

When measuring maturation ( where someone is in the process of motor development ) , you can check their weight to determine where they are in the process.

False

"Nurture" refers to the genes you are born with .

False

Fine motor skills are associated with posture and transport and uses the larger fundamental muscles in the body.

False

Non locomotor skills are movements of the body while it remains in one place . Example is stretching .

True

Motor Learning answers the question how skills are learned.

True

Autonomous skills refer to advanced skills requiring fine tuning.

True

"Active" sports tourism refers to traveling to watch an NBA sporting event.

False

"Sport as a Sales Product" looks at the demand that is created from perceived needs.

True

"Esports" is considered a hot topic in Sport Management

True

Sport as a modality is when "sport" is a small component in a larger enterprise.

False

Rutgers University offers an undergraduate degree, minor degrees in Sport Management and masters degree in Global Sport Business .

True

In reference to Sport Management - the setting refers to the logistics of the actual sport or physical activity. Example : Football, Tennis, Golf

False

The "Affiliation Tendency" is the basic human need to avoid isolation and seek presence of others.

True

Sport Psychology deals with injury-comebacks, dealing with injuries and loss of identity.

True

According to the "Inverted U" graph, maximum performance occurs at the moderate emotional arousal point .

True

"Instrumental Aggression " , refers to behavior that is considered an antisocial, attacking form of aggression, designed to hurt a person or property.

False

"Sport & Exercise" is an excellent venue to study human behavior.

True

An example of an internal psychological factor in sport, would be dealing with a personal disease or illness that can affect your ability to play a sport.

True

Sport Sociology focuses on the mental health benefits of sports participation.

False

Sport Psychology determines psychosocial factors that influence people and how they behave in a sport setting.

True

sport

organized, competitive, entertaining, & skillful activity requiring commitment, strategy, & fair play, in which a winner can be defined by objective means

physical exercise

any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness & overall health/wellness

physical activity

takes place in an academic institution

recreation/leisure

discretionary time; things done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure

dance

art form that generally refers to movement of the body, usually rhythmic & to music

exercise physiology

the study of the effects of exercise on the body; examines adaptations & responses to

1. muscular system

2. respiration

3. nervous system

4. circulatory system

exercise physiologist's job tasks

-analysis, improvement, & maintenance of health & fitness

-rehabilitation of heart disease & other diseases/disabilities

-professional guidance & counsel or athletes & others interested in athletics

-sports training & human adaptability to exercise

research topics in exercise physiology

1. environmental factors

2. disability & disease

3. athlete & performance

4. children & pre-teen

5. sports medicine

sports medicine

prevention & treatment of athletic injuries

kinesiology

study of human movement

4 major components

1. efficiency, effort, & work

2. condition, control, & skill

3. growth, development, & form

4. value, achievement, & culture

sport management

the direction given to the setting or structure in which physical activity is offered to the client

sport as an activity

focus on leadership & organization of sport in its true form

sport as a modality

uses sport/fitness/physical activity as a means to an end

sport as a service

focus is not on the product or specific service but rather the delivery of the service

sport as a tenant

sport or activity is a small component in a larger enterprise

sport as a sales product

looks at the demand that is created from perceived needs

strength

the ability to carry out work against resistance; maximal force you can apply against a weight

muscular endurance

how able a muscle or muscle group is to undergo repeated contractions without fatigure

flexibility

the range of motion of your joints, or the ability of your joints to move freely; mobility of muscles

cardiovascular endurance

the ability of the heart, blood cells, & lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues to help them move efficiently; ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement

body composition

describes the percentages of fat, bone, water, & muscle in human bodies; heavily impacted by what you eat & how you exercise

agility

the ability to quickly change body position or the direction of the body; greatly influenced by coordination, center of gravity, running speed, skill, & balance without losing control

power

strong movements performed at a certain speed

coordination

the ability to move more than two body parts to move efficiently & smoothly

balance

the ability to stay upright or stay in control of body movement, & coordination

speed

maximum rate at which an individual is able to cover a distance or perform a movement in a chosen period of time

motor development

infant: basic skills, simple, survival

adolescent/adult: complex, highly organized, simultaneous

aging: regression to basic survival skills, bodily adaptations to aging process

motor learning

-movement is produced by the nervous system

-movement patterns are unique to an individuals motor pattern

-we learn how to affect the nervous systems reaction

closed skills

-stable

-predictable

-self paced (control)

open skills

-variable

-unpredictable

-externally paced (no control)

locomotor skills

moving place to place; running, jumping

non-locomotor

relatively stationary; bending, stretching, running in place

manipulative

moving object through space; throwing a football, object

perceptual motor

eye/hand coordination; person serving tennis ball

sport psychology

the study of human behavior in a sport setting

internal factors

stress, pressure, personal issues

external factors

affect from crowd, coaches, family, significant others

sport sociology

concerned with social behavior & the organization of groups in a sport setting

health psychology

focuses on the mental health benefits of sports participation

psycho-social factors

1. achievement

2. aesthetics

3. affiliation tendency

4. arousal

5. aggression

achievement

-compared to others or standards

-marks personal progress

-results in a certain state of affairs

aesthetics

-subjective

-objective

affiliation tendency

basic human need to avoid isolation & seek presence of others

1. mere proximity

2. reciprocity effect

3. perceptions of similarity

4. notion of cooperation

arousal in sport - inverted "U"

model used to describe the arousal performance relationship in sport

aggression in sport

the intentional use of physical force engaged in to harm a person or property

1. hostile

2. instrumental

majors offered at RU

-sports management

-exercise science

name of department

kinesiology & health

factors that influence learning

1. readiness

2. motivation

3. reinforcement

4. individual difference

1964 civil rights act

-outlawed racial segregation in schools, public places, employment

-integrated physical education classes

1972 title IX

-provide athletic opportunities that are substantially proportionate to the student enrollment

-full & effective accommodation of the interest & ability of underrepresented sex

-funding for school athletics, inclusion of females in athletics

1990 americans with disability act

-employment

-public entities & transportation

-public accommodations & commercial facilities

-telecommunications

2002 new jersey's code of conduct law

-concerning the establishment of athletic codes of conduct for players, coaches, officials, & parents at youth (<16)

-gave power to sports organizations to control the behavior of spectators, players, & officials at games

-covers physical & verbal abuse

Exercise Physiology

The study of the effects of exercise on the body

Examines adaptations & responses to

:1.Muscular system

2.Respiration

3.Nervous system

4.Circulatory system

Kinesiology

Study of human movement

Came about in 384-322 BC.In the USA, late 1800s-PE and fitness

Biomechanics

The study of the effects ofnatural laws and forces on the body inmotion.

Resume

Use Present Tense for Current Jobs / Use Past Tense for Former Jobs

Sport Management

the direction given to the setting or structure in which physical activity is offered to the client.

Sport as a Tenant

Sport or activity is a small component in a larger enterprise. Variety of activities take place in which sport is just one tenant in the same location.

Sport as a Service

Focus is not on the product or specific service but rather the delivery of the service.Client is "purchasing" the service. The fees charged increase with level of service.

Sport as a Modality-

Uses sport/fitness/physical activity as a means to an end.

Examples: Fitness

Therapy

Sports medicine,

cardiac rehab

OT, PT

Motor development

WHEN are motor skills learned

Interrelationship between:

Physical Ability

Skill Development

Maturation Process

Continuous, sequential,

age related process

Motor development Infant, Adolescent, Aging

Infant- basic skills, simple, survival

Adolescent/Adult- complex, highly organized, simultaneous

Aging- regression to basic survival skills, bodily adaptations to aging process

motor development (maturation)

measure by dental, secondary sexual, skeletal

Motor Learning

HOW

Under what conditions do we learn motor skills?

Study of internal processes

Motor learning skills

Skill- a movement that is dependent on practice and experience for its execution.

Fine, gross, open, closed

Open- hard, variable, non predictable ex soccer

Closed- easy, stable, predictable ex bowling

Motor learning

locomotor, non-locomotor, manipulative, perceptual motor

locomotor: move place to place

non-locomotor: move but stay stationary ex stretching

manipulative: moving object ex throwing football

perceptual motor: hand-eye coordination ex serving tennis ball

4 factors that affect learning

Readiness (ability and willingness to learn)

Motivation (drive or desire)

External - reward

Internal - passion/desire (lead to long-term commitment)

Reinforcement/Feedback -reoccurring behavior

Individual Differences

1950

Kraus-Weber Test - 6 item medical fitness test used to measure strength and flexibility of key core muscles 57.9% of American Children FAILED - 8.7% of European Children FAILED ( 1954)

AAHPERD- the first physical fitness test

1960

Influence of President Kennedy started the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness /PCFSN includes Sport and Nutrition 2010

Most popular daytime TV show- Jack LaLanne Godfather of fitness

Kenneth Cooper- Father of `Aerobics

1970

Title 9 of the Educational Amendments Act-1972

First woman athlete to earn more than $100,000 in prize money in a single season?

Monday night football -1970

24 Hour Sports-1979-ESPN