Module 7: Newborn Care (Part IV)

Choanal atresia

This test involves closing the mouth and compressing one nares at a time with a finger, taking note of discomfort or distress with breathing.

Normal

A baby arrives at the clinic with an apparent lack of a nose bridge. Is this normal or abnormal?

Epstein’s pearl

This refers to one or two small round, well-circumscribed cysts present on the palate that occur as a result of the extra load of calcium that is deposited in utero.

1 week

Epstein’s pearl requires no treatment and disappears within how many weeks?

Normal

A newborn came into the clinic and upon assessment, you discovered that the tongue was not protruding. Is this a normal or abnormal finding?

Pectus excavatum (funnel chest)

This refers to an abnormal development of the rib cage in which the sternum grows inward.

Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)

This refers to a deformity of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs.

Abnormal

A newborn arrived at the clinic and was discovered to have retractions. Is this normal or abnormal?

Crepitus

What finding in the clavicles and ribs suggests fracture?

Witch’s milk

What do you call the thin, watery fluid secreted when there is engorgement of the breasts?

2-4 weeks

At which week does Witch's milk typically disappear?

Underdeveloped abdominal musculature

Why do normal findings show a round, prominent, and dome-shaped abdomen?

True

True or False: A sunken/scaphoid abdomen usually indicates missing abdominal contents or a diaphragmatic hernia.

False

True or False: The liver, spleen, and kidneys are not yet palpable as they are still underdeveloped.

1-2

Bowel sounds are present within __ hours after birth.

24-48

Meconium passing occurs within __ hours after birth.

Omphalitis

This may be present when the cord is moist and odorous.

Patent urachus

This refers to a narrow opening that connects the bladder to the umbilicus, making it moist at the base.

Sternal retraction

This is a sign of respiratory distress requiring immediate interventions such as mechanical ventilation or increased O2.

Normal

A male newborn has arrived at the clinic and upon assessment, you discovered that the scrotum is edematous and rugated. Is this considered normal or abnormal?

Testes retracts

What is the expected response when the cremasteric reflex is stimulated?

Abnormal

Upon assessment of a male newborn, you discovered that his prepuce was stenosed. Is this a normal or abnormal finding?

Cryptorchidism

This anogenital defect is characterized by a single undescended testicle.

Agenesis

This anogenital defect is characterized by the absence of one or both testicles.

Ectopic testes

This anogenital defect occurs when the testes cannot enter the scrotum.

Undescended testes

This anogenital defect is caused by a short vas deferens, not allowing the testes to descend.

Epispadias

This anogenital defect is characterized by the malformation of the penis in which the urethra ends in an opening on the upper aspect (dorsal) of the penis.

Hypospadias

This anogenital defect occurs when the urethra opens anywhere along a line running from the tip along the underside (ventral) of the shaft.

Phimosis

This anogenital defect occurs when the foreskin cannot be retracted from the head of the penis.