History MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

Which of the following was the basic source of individual and community identity for most West African societies?

Extended Families

Which of the following pioneered the process of forming unified nation states with the consolidation of fractured nobilities in the 1380s?

Portugal

Why were king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella interested in the voyage plains of Christopher Columbus in 1492?

They wanted to cut out Arab traders

Which of the following innovations in medieval Europe improved agricultural yields after 1100?

Iron plows

What source of evidence leads researchers to believe that another migration as long ago as 35,000 years took route other than that of the Bering Straight.

Ancient sites in Chile and Peru

Which of the following innovations did NOT originate in China?

The wheel

Parents in medieval Europe who wanted to make sure they had three adult children taking care of them in their old age had to raise about how many children to account for infant and child mortality?

Six

Which of the following best characterizes the Congo in the 1400s?

A sophisticated city-state

Which of the following best describes the social organization of the Pueblo and a number of other North American Indian tribes, much in contrast to that of European societies?

Matrilineal

Which of the following had become an increasingly fashionable commodity in Europe in the 1500s?

Sugar

In their efforts to build larger nation states in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, European monarchs relied on which of the following as their important allies?

Merchants

If there were 4 million people living in England in the year 1600, how many sheep inhabited the country at that time?

12 Million

Which of the following fueled European trade and exploration in the Far East?

A growing interest in exotic goods

Which of the following dishes could have existed in Europe before Christopher Columbus’ journey to the New World in 1492?

French Baguette

Which of the following Indian agricultural practices were absolutely novel to European arrivals in the sixteenth century? (Note that there is more than one correct answer.)

Using dead fish as fertilizer, Interplanting different crops

Approximately how many African people were brought to the New World during the 1500s via the middle passage?

250,000

Why did the Spanish royal couple, Ferdinand and Isabella, order Christopher Columbus be returned wearing leg irons in 1498?

He continued to mistreat Spanish sailors

According to the origin story of the Cherokee, who made plans and people?

Unknown/unstated

To whom did Spain grant a monopoly of the carrying trade in South America in 1518?

The Portugease

In sixteenth century England, there would not have been a Puritan movement had there not been

An Anglican Church

Which of the following nations had the LEAST success with settling its own populations in the New World?

The Netherlands

Which of the following cities had the largest population in the 1570s?

Potosi, Bolivia

The first country where English "sea dogs" like Sir Francis Drake and Sir Humphrey Gilbert practiced warfare and the destruction of fields and homes was

Ireland

Why did the separatist Puritans leave the Netherlands in 1620?

They rejected the materialism of the commercial nation

Why were Baptists run out of the colony of Massachusetts?

They insisted that baptism was for adults only

Which of the following was not one of the reasons why indentured servants often ran away in the Chesapeake colonies?

Neighboring tribes made their community lives very attractive

Which of the following prompted the migration of 18,000 colonists to the colony in Massachusetts Bay during the twelve years since its establishment in 1630?

Religious Persecution

Which of the following helped stabilize French populations of Montréal, Québec, and Trois Rivieres after the 1660s?

The transportation of hundreds of war widows

Which of the following led to the expulsion of Roger Williams from Massachusetts in 1636?

His opposition to the government's policy of seizing Indian lands

By the 1630s, political positions in Virginia's county and provincial governments quickly became a means to

Acquire land and commercial privileges

How did New England farmers prosper in the second half of the seventeenth century?

By diversifying their activities

Who were the unrivaled pioneers of the expiration of the coastlines of Newfoundland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia?

European fisherman

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the improving fortunes of the Virginia company settlement in Jamestown after 1614?

The introduction of African slavery

Which of the following is true about slaves and slavery in Virginia in the 1630s and 40s?

Dark skin color did not automatically indicate the status of a slave

The colony of New Sweden, which surrendered peacefully to the Dutch in 1651, was settled in which of the modern day states?

Delaware

The word canada most likely stems from

Kanata (Village/settlement)

which of the following was a significant population center in New Amsterdam in the middle of the seventeenth century

New Netherland

in 1632 King charles 1 conferred a charter to george calvert, lord baltimore for a proprietary colony in modern day maryland. This gave him powers similar to

King/Monarch

which of the following led to an increased authority for women in chesapeake families in the seventeenth century?

Chronic shortage of women and high mortality rate among men

who warned the first virginian settlers of roanoke island in 1586 of an impending Spanish raid

member of a friendly local tribe

what distinguished massachusetts Puritans from the pilgrims that had landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620?

Their relationship with the Church of England

which of the following triggered a period of much greater slave importations into virginia after 1680

Loss of the Royal African Company’s monopoly on the English slave trade

The story of Maryland servant mary suggests that which of the following was part of the normal experience of indentured servants in seventeenth century colonial America?

servants were legally treated as property whose contracts could be bought, sold, or loaned out

what was the significance of the marriage between pocahontas and john Rolfe

it contributed to peace between the English colonists and the Powhatan Confederacy

the dispute of massachusetts colonists over the case of Goody Sherman in 1644 had which of the following consequences?

Sparked constitutional crisis regarding balance of power, directly led the establishment of the first bicameral (two - house) legislature in North America.

Where did Englands wealthiest Caribbean planters of the seventeenth century live?

primarily on the island of Barbados, the center of the English "Sugar Revolution"

Hundreds of separatist puritans fled from england in 1609 to escape all of the following except

subsequent cultural assimilation, economic hardship, and moral influence they feared their children were facing in the Netherlands

By the 1950s approximately how many europeans had crossed the atlantic to settle in the new world?

60 Million

Which of the following provided most of the slaves to british caribbean plantations in the middle of the seventeenth century?

The Dutch

For the first virginian settlers of the virginia company of london, what were the chances of surviving starvation and disease between 1607 and 1610?

10-20%

which of the following is not a plausable theory for what happened to the english settlers of the "Lost Colony" on Roanoke Island?

the colonists were abducted by aliens or victims of a paranormal zombie outbreak

How did europeans religious practice shape the colonists perspective on the environment

European colonists viewed the environment through the lens of Judeo-Christian dominion theology. Interpreting biblical passages as a mandate to "subdue" the earth and "have dominion" over nature, they treated the environment not as a sacred ecosystem to be revered, but as a vast, untamed wilderness that required human ordering and exploitation to achieve its divine potential

What prompted some Virginians to settle in modern-day North Carolina?

Hopes of landownership without a landlord

What did the Carolina plantations of the early seventeenth century have in common with the colony of Barbados?

Wealthy planters did not live on the plantations.

What drove quick immigration into Pennsylvania after the late seventeenth century?

Religious tolerance

What made New Jersey a more attractive colony than New York in the 1660s?

Settlers in New Jersey could elect an assembly.

What did English merchants want from their government in the second half of the seventeenth century?

Extensive intervention

Who in the British royal bureaucracy was in charge of enforcing the Navigation Acts?

The Board of Trade

The Staple Act of 1663

Eequired all foreign goods to the colonies to be shipped via England first.

How did prominent Boston ministers respond to the suggestion that unforeseen events were the workings of the devil or witches?

They scoffed at this pagan belief system

Which of the following documents published in the 1680s eloquently justified the Glorious Revolution?

John Locke's Two Treatises of Government

What did Eliza Lucas use mulberry trees for?

Feeding silkworms

What changed in the political order of the colony of New York in 1686?

The English king abolished the colony's assembly.

By what chief selection criterion did Charles II select proprietors for new colonies in North America after 1660?

They had to come from his inner circle.

What party in the English parliamentary system of the eighteenth century helped colonists articulate their grievances with their governors?

Country

Which of the following was crucial for the proliferation of the ideas of the Enlightenment in the middle of the eighteenth century?

The printing press