Metabolism- neural control

Process where free fatty acids are converted into Acetyl CoA

Beta oxidation

Where does beta oxidation occur?

Mitochondria

How many carbons are removed at a time in beta oxidation to make Acetyl CoA?

2 carbons

Does fat or glucose generate more ATP?

Fat

Is fat or glucose the preferred substrate?

Fat

During heavy exercise must shift to ___ metabolism

Carbohydrate

Lactic acid produced by type 2 fibers inhibits ___

Lipolysis

VO2 max ___ with training because of the increase in oxygen delivery and the increase in oxygen utilization

Increases

Endurance training increases ___ and ___

Succinate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase

An increase in succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase causes and increase in ___ and enhances the capacity to use ___ (spares glycogen)

ATP production, fat

Increase cytochrome oxidase activity enhances rate of ___

ATP production

Lactate threshold occurs at a higher ____

Delays shift from fat to carb metabolism which spares glycogen

Exercise intensity

Training central circulation increases what?

• Size of left ventricle

• Blood volume

• Stroke volume

• Cardiac output

Training respiratory adaptations

• Minimal changes

• Decrease work of breathing

Peripheral adaptations to training:

• Arteriogenesis

• Enhanced vasodilation

• Angiogenesis

• Increase muscle blood flow

• All of the above increase O2 delivery

Muscle metabolism training adaptations increase:

• Mitochondrial density

• Krebs cycle enzyme activity

• Electron transport chain enzyme activity

• All of the above increase ability to use O2 to make ATP

What delays onset fatigue in muscle metabolism?

• Increase lactate threshold

• Increase free fatty acid use

• Reducing glycogen use

• pH more stable

Where do parasympathetic nerves innervate?

Heart and bronchioles

What do parasympathetic nerves release and where does it bind to?

ACh and binds to muscarinic receptors

The release of ACh and binding to muscarinic receptors ___ HR and ___ airways

Decreases, constricts

What do sympathetic nerves innervate?

Heart, arterioles, veins, and bronchioles

What do sympathetic nerves release?

Norepinephrine

What does norepinephrine bind to?

Adrenergic receptors

The mobilization of free fatty acids is …

Lipolysis

Lipolysis occurs in …

Adipose

The mobilization of glucose is …

Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis occurs in …

Muscle and liver