Science

Nucleus

The control center of the cell containing DNA.

cell membrane

A wall that separates the inside from the outside surroundings

Cytoplasm

The liquid that fills the shell

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, they transform sugar into energy

cell wall

provides structure and support for the cell

Vacuole

A water-filled sac that helps maintain pressure inside the cell

Chloroplast

Enable plants to make their own food through photosynthesis

Interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division

Mitosis

division of the nucleus

Cytokenis

The division of the cell to form two separate daughter cells

Prophase

Chromosomes condense, shorten, and spindle fibres begin to form

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

spindle fibers disappear, and 2 nuclei are formed

Daughter Cells

Two new cells produced by 1 divided parent cell

Mother cell

The original cell that divided to form daughter cells.

asexual reproduction

A single parent produces offspring that are identical clones without gametes

sexual reproduction

A process where two parents produce offspring through fertilization

Diploid

2 sets of chromosomes from each parent

sex cells (gametes)

reproductive cells (sperm and egg)

Haploid

a cell has only one set of each chromosome

Meiosis

The process of cell division that produces gametes.

Crossing over (recombinant DNA)

Homologous chromosomes exchange pieces of DNA