B4 science

B4 Science

Smallpox

rash filled with pus, and developed chills, high fever, nausea, and muscle aches.

Who created the first vaccine, and the cure to smallpox?

Edward Jenner.

How did Edward Jenner cure people who had smallpox?

He discovered that milkmaids who had cowpox, a mild smallpox, rarely got smallpox. So he started vaccinating everyone with cowpox so that they wouldn’t get smallpox.

Wo is Louis Pasture?

A French chemist and first person to identify micro-organisms known as germs.

What diseases did Louis Pasteur create vaccines/cures for?

Cholera, anthrax, swine erysipelas. and rabies.

How did Louis find out about germs?

His great discovery was finding out why beer and wine spoiled.  He proved that micro-organisms in the air contaminated the beer and wine. He developed the process of pasteurization (heating liquids to a critical temperature that kills micro-organisms), that is still used to prepare fruit juices, milk etc.

How did Pasteur create a vaccine for Anthrax?

Pasteur placed one drop of blood from a sheep dying of anthrax into 50 ml of sterile culture, grew up the bacterium, and then repeated this process 100 times. This represented a huge dilution of the original culture so that not a single molecule of the original culture remained in the final culture. Yet, the last culture was as active as the first in producing anthrax. As only the bacillus, itself, by growing up each time in the new culture, could escape dilution, it proved beyond all doubt that the anthrax bacillus and nothing else could be responsible for the disease.

What vaccine did Pasteur create for rabies?

Cauterizing the bite wounds with a red-hot poker.

Who was Joseph Lister?

English surgeons who lived in the 1800s and early 1900s.

How did he help his surgeries become more successful?

After reading an article (written by Louis Pasteur) about the germ theory of disease, Lister decided to take drastic action against germs. Starting in 1865, he cleaned his hands and sterilized his surgical instruments -- uncommon practices at the time -- and even invented a device to spray powerful carbolic acid in the operating room to kill germs. The rate of fatal infections in his surgery wards plummeted.

Who is James Lind?

Scottish doctor an naval surgeon, treated naval officers in 1747 that had scurvy with oranges and lemons.

What did James Lind discover?

The cure to scurvy and this led to a notional research that a balanced diet is necessary for survival. This created the Canadas food guide.

4 Factors that affect human health

Genes, Environmental conditions, response to stress, how you take care of your body.

Factors affecting the respirator system (asthma)

infections, allergies, house dust, changes in weather/temperature, drugs, certain foods.

what does cigarettes contain?

tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine.

why is tar so bad?

the tar settles on the surface of the lungs as the smoker inhales. This prevents the cilia to move mucus from the nose to lungs.

why does the heart beat faster when you smoke?

The carbon monoxide in the body gets absorbed by red blood cells instead of oxygen causing the heart to beat faster. Nicotine is the drug that speed up the heart and blood pressure.

Bronchitis

Build up of mucus in the bronchi causing them to become narrow.

Emphysema

Smoke from cigarettes damages the lung tissues.

Lung cancer

Build up of cancerous cells forms on the lungs. Takes up more space making it more difficult to breathe.

Atherosclerosis

A disease characterized by the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, leading to narrowed arteries and reduced blood flow.

Why is Atherosclerosis bad?

This condition makes the heart work harder to move blood and allow oxygen through and can lead to heart attacks.

Hypertension

high blood pressure so the heart works to hard and it damages it.

5 factors leading to high blood pressure.

Family history, obesity, high salt intake, smoking, stress.

stroke

decreases brain function resulting from sudden drop in blood flow to the brain. usually causes by blood clots in brain or other parts of the body rupturing of a blood vessel.

Ulcers

open sores in the muscle of the stomach are caused by bacteria called H. pylori. These bacteria are not killed by the strong acids in the stomach and break down the protective mucus lining of the stomach wall causing bleeding.