Gender SPS 26

de Beauvoir 1949

"One is not born a woman but becomes one" - gender is socially produced not innate. Lays groundwork for performativity but Butler critiques her for making it seem too volitional

Butler 1990

Gender Trouble: gender is "always a doing, though not a doing by a subject who might be said to pre-exist the deed". Manufactured through stylised, repeated embodied acts - not expression of an inner truth

Butler 1993

Citationality + resignification - gendered acts are "citations" of broader cultural codes. Acts of resignification (non-conformity) reveal gender as constructed + open space for alternative performances

Scott J.W. 1988

Gender is "a primary way of signifying relationships of power" + a constitutive element of social relationships based on perceived sexual differences. Challenges gender as mere descriptor

Mohanty 1984

"Sisterhood cannot be assumed on the basis of gender; it must be forged in concrete historical practice and political analysis" - critiques universalising Western feminism + its colonial assumptions

Haraway 1988

Situated knowledges: critiques geography's "god-view" or "view from nowhere". All knowledge is partial + produced from somewhere - challenges masculine claims to objectivity in geography

Massey + McDowell 1984

"A Woman's Place" - how social + economic structures map onto gender difference. Foundational feminist geography text: gendered space shapes and is shaped by economic relations

Smith N. 2012

Bodies both are and make territory - gendering processes are key to territorialising the body. Links feminist geography to geopolitics: bodies as metaphorical ground of civilisational hierarchy

Fluri 2009

Women in Afghanistan + War on Terror - gendered bodies as the metaphorical + material ground on which civilisational hierarchy is articulated. Feminist geopolitics case study

Hyndman + Dowler 2004

Feminist geopolitics: broadens definition of the political beyond formal arenas to everyday + private life. Situates knowledge production as always partial. "Geopolitics doesn't just happen up there"

McKittrick 2006

Demonic Grounds - Black feminist cartographies of struggle. Colonialism, gender + resistance as inseparable. Land + space as sites of both oppression + futurity for Black women