RAD 200 vocab & study guide

The study of disease, including its causes, development, structural changes, and effects on the body

Pathology

The development and progression of a disease; the sequence of events from the cause of disease to the appearance of signs and symptoms

Pathogenesis

The cause or origin of a disease

Etiology

An abnormal condition that disrupts normal body structure or function and produces characteristic signs and/or symptoms

Disease

The process of identifying a disease or condition based on history, examination, tests, and findings

Diagnosis

The predicted course and expected outcome of a disease, including likelihood of recovery

Prognosis

A medical action or intervention performed to diagnose, treat, or manage a condition

Procedure

A diagnostic evaluation used to detect, confirm, monitor, or rule out disease

Test

A diagnostic procedure in which a thin needle is inserted into tissue or a mass to collect cells for microscopic examination.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA)

Subjective experiences felt and reported by the patient

Symptoms

Objective findings that can be observed or measured by others

Signs

The overall evidence of disease, including both signs and symptoms

Manifestations

Information that is reported by the patient and cannot be directly measured

Subjective

Information that can be observed, measured, or verified

Objective

A condition with rapid onset and usually short duration

Acute

A condition that develops slowly or persists for a long period of time.

Chronic

The number of occurrences of a disease or event in a population

Frequency

The number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population during a specific time period

Incidence

The total number of existing cases (new and old) of a disease in a population at a given time.

Prevalence

The rate of disease occurrence or illness in a population

Morbidity rate

The rate of death within a population during a specified period.

Mortality rate

A disease outbreak that spreads across multiple countries or continents and affects large populations

Pandemic

A sudden increase in disease cases above expected levels within a specific community, region, or population.

Epidemic

A disease that causes physical or anatomical changes in tissues or organs

Structural disease

Any abnormal change, damage, or injury in tissue caused by disease or trauma. Lesions may be visible or microscopic

Lesion

A disease in which organ function is impaired without obvious structural changes being detectable

Functional disease

Originating outside the body; caused by external factors

Exogenous

Originating within the body; caused by internal processes.

Endogenous

A condition with an unknown or uncertain cause

Idiopathic

any illness, injury, or adverse condition caused unintentionally by a physician

Iatrogenic

Treatment intended to relieve symptoms and improve comfort rather than cure the disease

Palliative

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external or internal changes

Homeostasis

A physician (often specially trained in pathology) appointed to investigate deaths and determine cause and manner of death

Medical examiner

A public official who investigates certain deaths; requirements vary by location and a coroner may or may not be a physician

Coroner

A physician specialized in pathology who performs autopsies and determines cause and manner of death, often assisting legal investigations

Forensic pathologist

The study of how normal body functions change because of disease or injury

Pathophysiology

Virus include

cold & flu

Bacteris include

abscesses & strep throat

Fungi/Parasites include

athletes foot & worm disease

Heredity (congenital) disease include

Sickle cell

Hemophilia

Color blindness

Environmental illness include

skin cancer

leukemia

asbestosis

Diseases are initiated by injury, which may be either

external & intermal

External (exogenous) disease can be …

physical

chemical

microbiologic injury

physical diseases can be…

Trauma

heat-cold

pressures

ionizing radiation

chemical injury can be…

poisoning

drug reaction

Microbiologic injury

bacteria

fungi

viruses

protozoa

helminths

Internal (endogenous) disease can be

vascular

immunologic

metabolic

vascular disease can be

obstruction

bleeding

deranged flow

Immunologic disease can be

immune deficiency

allergy

autoimmune

metabolic disease can be

abnormal metabolism

lipid

carbs

mineral

fluid

The term ….will be used to refer to the data that can be gathered about an individual patient

Manifestations

Types of manifestations

symptoms

Signs

Laboratory abnormalities

Nature of Data

Patient’s perceptions (subjective)

Examiner’s observations (objective)

Result of test & special procedures

Name for Collection of Results

History

Physical examination

Laboratory findings

Structural diseases are also known as what?

organic diseases

structure diseases can be…

1.  genetic and developmental diseases

2.   acquired injuries and inflammatory diseases

3.  growth disturbances (hyperplasia, neoplasia, benign & malignant)

The basic change is physiologic or functional also referred as ….

pathophysiologic change

Functional diseases can be

1.    psychoses (mental disorder)

2.    neuroses (anxiety)

3.    psychosomatic (tension headaches, irritable bowel syndrome)

Diseases that will end in death are called

Terminal

Chronic diseases sometimes subside, this is known as

Remission

a worsening of a disease or an increase in the severity of its symptoms

exacerbation

The aftermath of a particular disease is called

sequela (sequel)