Nutrition 315 - Lecture slides 1-4

DRI

dietary reference intakes

dietary reference intakes

quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people

EAR

estimated average requirement

estimated average requirement

daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet he need of half of the people in a certain life stage

RDA

recommended dietary allowance

recommended dietary allowance

average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals in a specific life state and biological sex group

RDA = ?

EAR x 1.2

AI

adequate intake

adequate intake

a recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximation or estimates of nutrient intake by a group(s) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate

UL

tolerable upper intake level

tolerable upper intake level

maximum daily intake that is unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in 97-98% of healthy individuals in a specific life stage group

EER

estimated energy requirement

estimate energy requirement

average daily energy (kcal) needed for each life-stage group

AMDR

acceptable macronutrient distribution range

AMDR

a range of usual intakes for a macronutrient that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients

DV

daily value

daily value

generic nutrient standard used on nutrition facts labels

in order to be considered a “healthy” claim, a food product need to:

both

FDA

food and drug administration

food and drug administration

federal regulatory agency responsible for ensuring that the nation’s food supply is safe, wholesome, sanitary, and properly labeled

what is not regulated by the FDA

structure function claims that describe how a nutrient affects body structure or function
for example, calcium builds strong bones

healthy eating patterns from birth to 6 month

human milk or iron-fortified formula and provide supplemental vitamin D

healthy eating patterns from 6 months to 12 months

introduce nutrient-dense complementary foods and potential allergens
focus on food high in iron and zinc

healthy eating patterns for 12 months through older adulthood

maintain a healthy pattern to support a healthy body weight and prevent chronic disease

amino acids

histidine
lysine
thronine
isoleucine
methionine
trypophna
leucine
phenylalanine
valine

hunger

physical need for food

appetite

psychological desire to eat

undernutrition

nutrient intake does not meet needs

desirable nutrition

nutrient intake supports body function an permits storage of nutrients to be used in times of increased need

overnutrition

nutrient intake exceeds needs

malnutrition

bad, abnormal or inadequate nutrition

double burden

when one experiences undernutrion and overnutrition at the same time

xerothalmia

vitamin A deficiency

ricktets

vitamin D deficiency

beriberi

vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency

ariboflavinosis

vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

pellagra

vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency

megaloblastic anemia

folate deficiency

scurvy

vitamin C deficiency

goiter

iodine deficiency

causes of malnutrition

gender inequality
conflict
poverty
food insecurity
climate change

SNAP

supplemental nutrition assistance program

what does SNAP do?

provides low-income individuals and families with financial assistance to purchase food

WIC

special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children

what does WIC do?

program that provides assistance to low-income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, as well as infants and children up to age 5

national school lunch program

program that provides nutritionally balanced, low-cost or free lunches to children in public and non-profit private schools and residential child care institutions

school breakfast program

federally funded program that provides nutritionally balance breakfast meals to children at school each morning

child and adult care food program

provides reimbursements for nutritious meals and snacks served to eligible children and adults who are enrolled for care at participating childcare centers, day care homes, and adult day care centers

how does USDA regulate and keep food safe?

crops safe to grow, safe production

EPA

environmental protection agency

how does EPA regulate and keep food safe?

“pesticides” added to food supply are safe for humans and for the environment