Lab Quiz 3: Blood

RBC

Platelets

WBC

Most abundant to least abundant WBCs

Erythrocytes- most of the blood smear, smaller pink spheres

• No nucelus, biconcave res discs, contain hemoglobin, 4-6mil per microliter of blood

Known as cell fragments; 150,000-400,000 per microliter of blood (megakaryocytes are precursor cell) ←smaller then RBC, purple

Leukocytes- should make up less of blood smear, larger purple spheres

Never let monkeys eat bananas: neutrophils → lymphocytes → monocytes → eosinophils → basophils

^ The “-phils” are granulocytes (small, membrane bound vesicles that store enzymes,proteins,etc) and the others are agranulocytes (cytoplasm clear of granules)

Blood Cells

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Everywhere! Anucleated biconcave discs; carry oxygen and carbon dioxide on hemoglobin ← 4-5million/microliter of blood

defense (infection fighter) ← 4-10 thousand/microliter of blood (look purple)

neutrophils are first to arrive at infection sites (site of injury/bacterial infections)

• They have 3-6 lobes, are granulocytes, and are principle phagocytes (cells that protect the body by eating bacteria, dead cells, etc). ←approx 60-70% of WBCs

Lymphocytes (NK cells) are “killer cells” that destroy virus-infected cells

• Have a large nucleus that fills cell (dark purple) with little cytoplasm visible and have two main categories (antibodies): T (dont make antibodies) and B cells (make antibodies) ←approx 20-25% of WBCs

• 1st line of defense (antigen/antibody immune response), and T and B cells often due to viruses

monocytes differentiate into macrophages (very large phagocyte)

• kidney shaped; largest leukocyte ←3-8% of WBCs

• During infection, monocyte macrophage absorbs cell debri and microbes and fight fungal infections. (lab says these fight fungal not e)

eosinophils fight fungal infections

• headphone shape (2 lobes), granulocyte (dark nucleus but with granules); increase during allergy (and parasitic infections) ←2-4% of WBCs

basophils release histamine during allergic reactions

• Contains dark blue granules/granulocyte; granules contain histamine and heparin ←.5-1% of WBCs

• Release granules during allergic rxns → release histamine and heparin= anticoagulant = decreased clotting

Antigens

Antibodies

Red blood cell type and antigens+antibodies

Rh

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Who can + blood types receive from and who can neg.

Located on the surface of RBC’s (surface of the cell membrane of RBC)

• Can trigger an immune response in a foreign organism- triggers production of an antibody

Located in the blood plasma; A substance produced by plasma cells, attaches to antigens, and that can provide immunity against a specific antigen.

1. Type A- Has A antigens, B antibodies (anti-B) in plasma

2. Type B- Has B antigens, A antibodies (anti-A) in plasma

3. Type AB- Has A and B antigens, no antibodies in plasma

4. Type O- Has no antigens, A and B antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) in plasma

Rhesus factor also called the D antigen, when protein is present the blood type is +.

• You either have or not have on RBC surface (Rh+ or Rh-); it is an inherited protein

• Rh incompatibility in a blood transfusion occurs when an Rh-neg recipient receives Rh-pos. blood, causing them to develop antibodies against the Rh antigen, which can lead to hemolytic transfusion rxn. This occurs when the RBCs that were given during the transfusion are destroyed (hemolysis) by the person’s immune system. Can be mild to fatal and donors rbcs are destroyed. To avoid, Rh-neg should only receive Rh-neg blood (Rh pos. can receive both Rh-neg and Rh-pos).

If the mother is Rh-neg and the baby in the womb has Rh-pos cells, the mom develops anitbodies against Rh+ cells and treats the baby’s cells as foreign bodies.

• 2nd baby can issues; if has Rh+ and mother already has antibodies

• RhoGAM shot will prevent the antibodies from developing

+ can receive from other + and neg. while neg. can only receive from neg.

When given a person's blood type you can indicate who they can receive from during a transfusion

(A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-)

A+ = A+, A-, O+, O-

A- = A-, O-

B+ = B+, B-, O+, O-

B- = B-, O-

AB+ = compatible with all blood types (± A, B, AB, O)

AB- = AB-, A-, B-, and O-

O+ = O+. O-

O- = O-

Antiserums

reagent that identifies the presence of an antigen on rbc. Used to determine a persons abo blood type

• Anti-A serum clumps (coagulates) when it comes in contact with A antigens, Anti-B serum clumps with it comes in contact with B antigens, and Anti-Rh serum clumps when it comes in contact with Rh antigens.

1. describe a rbc

2. describe the 5 wbc

3. which leukocytes are agranular

4. which leukocytes are granular

5. describe the appearance of a blood typing test that has reacted and produced a positive result for blood types A+

6. which blood type is the universal donor? universal receiver? explain why

7. Where would you see agglutination which each blood type?

8. What types of antigens and antibodies would be present in an individual with a blood type of A?B?O?

9. What is hematocrit?

1. concave anucleated cell

2. never let monkeys eat bananas

3. non- “phil” wbcs (monocytes, lymphocytes)

4. “phil” wbcs- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

5. A and D wells coagulated

6. O- is the universal donor because it has no antigens for the receiver to react to, while AB+ is the universal receiver because it has no antibodies to attack/attach to antigens on potential receiving blood.

7. Anti-A serum clumps (coagulates) when it comes in contact with A antigens, Anti-B serum clumps with it comes in contact with B antigens, and Anti-Rh serum clumps when it comes in contact with Rh antigens.

A+ clumps in wells A and D, A- clumps in only well A, O- clumps in none, etc

8. Type A- Has A antigens, B antibodies (anti-B) in plasma. Type B- Has B antigens, A antibodies (anti-A) in plasma. Type AB- Has A and B antigens, no antibodies in plasma. Type O- Has no antigens, A and B antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) in plasma

9. Complete lab report- measurement of % of RBCs in blood