EXE 301

Research

what is research?

in science, research refers to the exploration, discovery & carful study of unexplained phenomena and is not just merely referring to gathering digging or transferring facts from one source to another

what are the 6 characteristics of research?

increase in knowledge

starts with a questions or a problem

obtained knowledge through means of search, discover or enquire

systematic & diligent

research is a process that is planned

scientific process

what 6 aspects does research enhance

effectiveness

equity

acceptability

implementation

efficacy

efficiency

in what areas does research in health sciences support (multidimensional)

clinical

education

ethics

historical

social aspects

management

legislation

what are the 8 ways of aquiring research

tradition

authorities

logical reasoning

experience

trial & error

intuition

borrowing

scientific method

what is applied research

when researchers aim to solve problems or make decisions for practical purposes what

what is basic research

when researchers seek to develop theories that increase knowledge

what are the main types of research

basic R

applied R

experimental R

• true E

• quasi E

non-experimental R

• descriptive designs

• correlational designs

qualitative R

quantitative R

what are the differences btw research & problem solving

problem solving seek a solution to an immediate problem which exist for an individual/s in a given setting

research’s main aim is to obtain knowledge that can be generalized making it applicable to a variety of concepts or groups

what are the similarities btw problem solving & research

same process of identifying problem, establishing a plan, collecting data and evaluating data

systematic approach and logical progression of ideas

what are the reasons for conducting B & SS research

1. improve practice

2. earning & defending professional status

3. establish scientifically defensible reasons for activities

4. increase the pool of scientifically defensible practice/services

5. finding ways of cost-effectiveness for activities

6. providing a basis for standard setting & quality assurance

7. provide evidence of weaknesses & strengths

8. providing evidence in support of request for resources

9. provide a base for self-correction of misinterpretations & myths

roles of health care professionals in research

act as a member of a research team

undertake independent research projects

identify & evaluate research findings

be an active user of research findings

act as an advocate for patients

what is evidence based practice

moral & ethical obligation to ensure that the care they render is based on the best available evidence & is of the highest quality possible

EBP aims to deliver efficient & appropriate care to every patient

integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise & patient values & preferences

what is the hierarchy of scientific evidence

meta-analysis & systematic reviews

randomized controlled trials

cohort studies

case-control studies

cross sectional studies

animal trials & in vitro studies

case reports, opinion papers & letters