History Final

What were the two main religions of India?

Hindus and Muslims

What nation formed after the partition of India?

Pakistan

What happened when Muslims fled into Pakistan?

Millions of Hindus on the Pakistani side of the borders packed up their belongings and fled to the new India.

Describe the conflict with Kashmir.

In 1947, Kashmir’s Hindu ruler tried to join India. However, Kashmir’s Muslim majority wanted to be part of Pakistan. For decades, Kashmiri separatists, often supported by Pakistani militants, have fought Indian troops.

Why was South Asia alarmed in 1998?

India and Pakistan developed nuclear weapons programs.

Describe the conflict in Sri Lanka.

Government and Tamil wanted Independence

Describe how Jawaharlal Nehru helped India.

From 1947 to 1964, Jawaharlal Nehru, leader of the Congress Party, was India’s prime minister.

Describe the religious issues in India.

Hindus and Muslims

Why does Pakistan struggle to build a stable government?

Run by military, weak leaders, and political raging

Describe the struggles in Bangladesh.

Climate, jobs, gaunt, refugees

How were all South Africans registered?

By race.

What restrictions were placed on non whites under apartheid

segregation and striped of citizenship

Which group emerged as the main party opposed to apartheid?

The African National Congress (ANC) emerged as the main party opposed to apartheid and led the struggle for majority rule.

Why did the South African president end apartheid?

Outside pressure and protests

What challenges has South Africa faced since 1994?

Economic inequality racial inequality high pricing

How did Zimbabwe, Angola, and Mozambique gain independence?

Through wars and political agreements gained independence from Europeans

What two groups had conflicts with each other in Rwanda?

Hutu and Tutsi

Describe the conflict in Sudan.

Muslim vs non-Muslims Genocide

What areas did Israeli forces control in the 1967 war?

West Bank, Sinai Benin, Gaza, and East Jerusalem

What was the result of the 1973 war between Arabs and Israeli forces?

Israel won and gained territory

What did the Palestinian Liberation Organization do?

The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led the struggle against Israel by attacking them.

What was set out in the Oslo Accords?

For peace between Israelis and Palestinians

How did Israel respond to Hamas seizing control of Gaza?

Blockade and Military force

Describe the conflict over the city of Jerusalem.

Palestinians, however, insist that East Jerusalem must be the capital of any Palestinian state.

Which countries backed the Lebanese government Hezbollah?

Hezbollah was backed by Syria and Iran.

How did the U.S. respond to Saddam’s invasion of Kuwait?

The US led a coalition to free Kuwait from Iraqi forces.

What happened to Saddam Hussein in 2003?

Saddam Hussein invaded Iraq in 2003.

What is the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty?

To prevent too much weaponry

What is terrorism?

The use of violence by groups of extremists to achieve political goals.

What terrorist groups have emerged calling for establishment of a Palestinian state?

Hamas, Palestinian Liberation Organization, Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad

Which Islamist group gained power in Afghanistan after 1979

Taliban

Which terrorist group was responsible for the September 11 attacks on the U.S.?

al Qaeda

How did the U.S. respond to terrorism?

President George W. Bush declared a “war on terror” in general, and against al Qaeda in particular.

Describe the threat from Iran and North Korea.

Gaining Weapons of Mass Destruction